Borchert J, Heinberg L
Department of Women's Studies, University of South Florida, USA.
J Psychol. 1996 Sep;130(5):547-59. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1996.9915021.
Past studies of gender role and body image have focused on women's self-reported levels of femininity and masculinity as correlates of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study explored how college-aged women's and men's self-reported discrepancies in actual and ideal femininity and masculinity are linked to three measures of body image. For this group of women, physical size, but not gender role discrepancy, was predictive of body image. For the men, in addition to physical size, falling short of their masculine ideal was predictive of more negative body image. Results are discussed in relation to gender schema theory and cultural ideals of female thinness and male muscularity.
以往关于性别角色和身体意象的研究主要聚焦于女性自我报告的女性气质和男性气质水平，将其作为身体不满和饮食失调的相关因素。本研究探讨了大学年龄段女性和男性自我报告的实际与理想女性气质和男性气质之间的差异如何与三种身体意象测量指标相关联。对于这组女性而言，体型而非性别角色差异能够预测身体意象。对于男性来说，除体型外，未达到其理想男性气质也预示着更消极的身体意象。研究结果结合性别图式理论以及女性瘦和男性肌肉发达的文化理想进行了讨论。
