Bamjee Y, Lownie J F, Cleaton-Jones P E, Lownie M A
Division of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Dental Research Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Aug;34(4):298-302. doi: 10.1016/s0266-4356(96)90006-6.
To find out the incidence of maxillofacial injuries in South African children aged 18 years or less.
Retrospective study of casenotes.
Six teaching hospitals affiliated to the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, serving a population of about 5 million people.
All 326 children treated for facial injuries in the maxillofacial and oral departments of the six hospitals between 1 January 1989 and 30 June 1992.
Classification of the types of injury, associated injuries, cause of the injury, and methods of diagnosis.
Of the total of 4192 patients of all ages treated for facial injuries, 326 (8%) were within the age range of the study. The female:male ratio was 1:2.3. Most of the injuries (227, 70%) occurred in the 13-18 age group, and assaults, fights and gunshot wounds accounted for 155 injuries (48%). Of the 326 children, 173 (53%) had single injuries and 153 (47%) had multiple injuries. Mandibular fractures were the most common (64%) followed by maxillomandibular fractures (25%). Violence was the most common cause of injury, as in the USA and Zimbabwe, but unlike the rest of the world in which it is motor vehicle accidents. Soft tissue injuries were the most common associated injuries, and conventional plain radiography was the usual investigation.
The incidence of 8% compares favourably with those in other countries, but far too many injuries are the result of violence.
了解18岁及以下南非儿童颌面部损伤的发生率。
病历回顾性研究。
约翰内斯堡威特沃特斯兰德大学附属的6家教学医院，服务人口约500万。
1989年1月1日至1992年6月30日期间，6家医院颌面及口腔科室收治的所有326例面部损伤儿童。
损伤类型分类、合并损伤、损伤原因及诊断方法。
在总共4192例接受面部损伤治疗的各年龄段患者中，326例（8%）在本研究年龄范围内。男女比例为1:2.3。大多数损伤（227例，70%）发生在13 - 18岁年龄组，袭击、斗殴和枪伤占155例（48%）。326例儿童中，173例（53%）为单发损伤，153例（47%）为多发损伤。下颌骨骨折最为常见（64%），其次是上颌下颌骨骨折（25%）。与美国和津巴布韦一样，暴力是最常见的损伤原因，但与世界其他地区不同，其他地区最常见的原因是机动车事故。软组织损伤是最常见的合并损伤，常规X线平片是常用的检查方法。
8%的发生率与其他国家相比有优势，但因暴力导致的损伤过多。
