Cooper R A, Robertson R N, Lawrence B, Heil T, Albright S J, VanSickle D P, Gonzalez J
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA. rcooperpitt.edu
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1996 Feb;33(1):45-55.
The proper selection of a wheelchair requires making several critical decisions, not the least of which is what type of wheelchair is appropriate. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) continues to develop and refine wheelchair standards. Standards allow the objective comparison of products from various sources, permitting consumers or clinicians to assess wheelchairs with which they are not familiar by comparing test results. This study consisted of three components: 1) the comparison of fatigue test results with a planar ANSI/RESNA test dummy to a HERL contoured test dummy; 2) the comparison of fatigue test results for common depot versus common rehabilitation manual wheelchairs; and 3) the comparison of fatigue test results for manual rehabilitation wheelchairs with solid 8-inch casters versus those with pneumatic 8-inch casters. Rehabilitation wheelchairs lasted on average 13.2 times longer than the depot wheelchairs. Both types, tested with the standard ISO-ANSI/RESNA dummy, lasted on average 2.1 times longer than those wheelchairs tested using the contoured dummy. The three rehabilitation wheelchairs equipped with 8-inch pneumatic casters lasted on average 3.2 times longer than the 6 rehabilitation wheelchairs equipped with solid 8-inch casters. The depot wheelchairs cost about 3.4 times as much to operate per cycle or per meter than the rehabilitation wheelchairs. The rehabilitation wheelchairs tended to experience component failures, while the depot wheelchairs tended to experience frame failures. Our testing indicates that the tests in the ISO-ANSI/RESNA standards can relate design features to fatigue test results and durability. Rehabilitation wheelchairs tend to use higher quality materials and better manufacturing practices, and they provide greater mobility for wheelchair users. Purchasers and prescribers of wheelchairs should consider the life-cycle cost and not just the purchase price for wheelchairs.
正确选择轮椅需要做出几个关键决策，其中最重要的就是选择何种类型的轮椅合适。国际标准化组织（ISO）不断制定和完善轮椅标准。标准使得来自不同来源的产品能够进行客观比较，让消费者或临床医生通过比较测试结果来评估他们不熟悉的轮椅。本研究包含三个部分：1）将平面ANSI/RESNA测试假人的疲劳测试结果与HERL轮廓测试假人的结果进行比较；2）比较普通储物轮椅与普通康复手动轮椅的疲劳测试结果；3）比较配备实心8英寸脚轮的手动康复轮椅与配备充气8英寸脚轮的手动康复轮椅的疲劳测试结果。康复轮椅的平均使用寿命比储物轮椅长13.2倍。两种类型的轮椅，使用标准ISO-ANSI/RESNA假人进行测试时，其平均使用寿命比使用轮廓假人测试的轮椅长2.1倍。配备8英寸充气脚轮的三把康复轮椅的平均使用寿命比配备实心8英寸脚轮的六把康复轮椅长3.2倍。储物轮椅每个周期或每米的运行成本大约是康复轮椅的3.4倍。康复轮椅往往出现部件故障，而储物轮椅往往出现框架故障。我们的测试表明，ISO-ANSI/RESNA标准中的测试能够将设计特征与疲劳测试结果及耐用性联系起来。康复轮椅倾向于使用更高质量的材料和更好的制造工艺，并且为轮椅使用者提供了更大的移动性。轮椅的购买者和开处方者应考虑轮椅的生命周期成本，而不仅仅是购买价格。
