Husten C G, Chrismon J H, Reddy M N
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1996 Jan-Apr;51(1-2):11-8.
Each year, cigarette smoking causes more than 140,000 deaths among women in the United States. Here, we describe smoking trends among girls and women, including women of reproductive age and pregnant women. We also provide data regarding the prevalence of indicators of nicotine dependence among women in the United States. The data were derived from the National Health Interview Survey, High School Seniors Survey, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, and Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey. The prevalence of smoking among women overall is now declining at a rate comparable to that of men, and women are attempting cessation and maintaining abstinence at the same rate as men. However, smoking prevalence among women in certain demographic groups such as American Indians and Alaska Natives is high. Although the prevalence of smoking increased among young women (particularly women of lower educational attainment) in the early 1980s, more recent surveys show it is declining. Smoking prevalence among young black and Hispanic women is decreasing, but progress in decreasing smoking prevalence among young white women is slow. Young women appear to be as nicotine dependent as older women, and light smokers of all ages report indicators of nicotine dependence.
在美国，每年吸烟导致超过14万名女性死亡。在此，我们描述女孩和女性中的吸烟趋势，包括育龄妇女和孕妇。我们还提供了美国女性中尼古丁依赖指标患病率的数据。这些数据来自国家健康访谈调查、高中毕业生调查、全国家庭药物滥用调查以及青少年态度与行为调查。总体而言，女性吸烟率目前的下降速度与男性相当，并且女性尝试戒烟和保持戒烟状态的比例与男性相同。然而，某些特定人口群体（如美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民）中的女性吸烟率较高。尽管在20世纪80年代初年轻女性（尤其是受教育程度较低的女性）中的吸烟率有所上升，但最近的调查显示其正在下降。年轻黑人和西班牙裔女性中的吸烟率正在下降，但年轻白人女性在降低吸烟率方面进展缓慢。年轻女性似乎与年长女性一样对尼古丁有依赖性，并且各年龄段的轻度吸烟者都报告有尼古丁依赖指标。
