Harrison R L, Davis D W
Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996 Jun;24(3):217-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00845.x.
Since 1972, the Medical Services Branch (MSB), Pacific Region of Health Canada, has conducted quadrennial surveys of the dental health status of Native children in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. This paper will analyze the findings related to dental malocclusion. Data from the most recent survey in 1988 are compared to data from 1980, and also to similar data from the most recent B.C. Children's Dental Health Survey. Prevalences of abnormal and severe malocclusion are also compared to the original 1972 data. Methods used in the surveys were detailed in a previous paper (I). Significant decreases in the percentage of children with drifting due to premature space loss (P < 0.05), as well as a slight decrease in the percentage of children with crowding were observed. A trend towards an increase in Class II molar relationship was demonstrated, but was not consistent for all age groups. In contrast, there was a slight, but consistent, trend towards a decrease in the percentage of children with an anterior openbite. Comparisons between the age groups demonstrated an increased prevalence of abnormal molar relationship, drifting due to space loss, crowding, crossbite, and overjet greater than 4 mm in children older than 7 years. Native children had a significantly greater prevalence of Class III molar relationship, crossbite, crowding, negative overjet, and anterior openbite than other schoolchildren in B.C. (P < 0.05). However, percentage of Native children with a severe malocclusion decreased significantly from 1972 to 1988 for 7, 9, and 11 year old children (P < 0.05), but for 13 and 15-yr-olds. Improvement has occurred over time in some aspects of dental malocclusion in these Native Canadian children, but malocclusion continues to be a frequent problem, especially amongst adolescents.
自1972年以来，加拿大卫生部太平洋地区医疗服务处（MSB）每四年对加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（B.C.）原住民儿童的牙齿健康状况进行一次调查。本文将分析与牙列不齐相关的调查结果。把1988年最近一次调查的数据与1980年的数据进行比较，同时也与不列颠哥伦比亚省最近一次儿童牙齿健康调查的类似数据进行比较。还将异常和严重牙列不齐的患病率与1972年的原始数据进行比较。调查中使用的方法在之前的一篇论文（I）中有详细说明。观察到因早失牙间隙导致牙齿漂移的儿童百分比显著下降（P < 0.05），以及牙齿拥挤儿童的百分比略有下降。II类磨牙关系有增加的趋势，但并非在所有年龄组中都一致。相比之下，前牙开颌儿童的百分比有轻微但持续的下降趋势。各年龄组之间的比较表明，7岁以上儿童中异常磨牙关系、因牙间隙丧失导致的牙齿漂移、牙齿拥挤、反颌以及覆盖超过4毫米的患病率有所增加。与不列颠哥伦比亚省的其他学童相比，原住民儿童III类磨牙关系、反颌、牙齿拥挤、负覆盖以及前牙开颌的患病率显著更高（P < 0.05）。然而，1972年至1988年期间，7岁、9岁和11岁原住民儿童严重牙列不齐的百分比显著下降（P < 0.05），但13岁和15岁儿童未下降。随着时间的推移，这些加拿大原住民儿童牙列不齐的某些方面有所改善，但牙列不齐仍然是一个常见问题，尤其是在青少年中。
