Montgomery L E, Kiely J L, Pappas G
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1996 Oct;86(10):1401-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.10.1401.
This study investigated the independent and relative effects of family structure, race, and poverty on the health of US children and youth under 20 years of age at two time periods, 1978 through 1980 and 1989 through 1991.
Data were from the National Health Interview Surveys. Multivariate logit regression methods were used to analyze the effects of family structure, poverty, and race on children's health.
Children in families headed by single mothers, Black children, and those living below 150% of the poverty index were much more likely to be in poor or fair health than children in two-parent families, White children, or those in more affluent families. Poverty had the strongest effect on child health in both time periods.
The association between children's health and living below 150% of the poverty index is not explained by race or family structure. The disparity in child health by family income has serious consequences for both the child and society.
本研究调查了家庭结构、种族和贫困在1978年至1980年以及1989年至1991年这两个时间段对20岁以下美国儿童和青少年健康的独立影响和相对影响。
数据来自国家健康访谈调查。采用多变量逻辑回归方法分析家庭结构、贫困和种族对儿童健康的影响。
由单身母亲当家的家庭中的孩子、黑人孩子以及生活在贫困指数150%以下的孩子，相比双亲家庭中的孩子、白人孩子或更富裕家庭中的孩子，健康状况为差或一般的可能性要高得多。在两个时间段里，贫困对儿童健康的影响最为强烈。
儿童健康与生活在贫困指数150%以下之间的关联无法用种族或家庭结构来解释。家庭收入导致的儿童健康差异对儿童和社会都有严重影响。
