Moore P J, Turner R, Park C L, Adler N E
Health Psychology Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0844, USA.
Addict Behav. 1996 Sep-Oct;21(5):645-68. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(95)00100-x.
This prospective study of 241 women investigated the impact of past behavior and psychological factors on cigarette and alcohol use during pregnancy. Smokers' cigarette use was compared with their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and drinking among smokers was compared with that of nonsmokers. Only prior smoking directly predicted smokers' cigarette use later in pregnancy, whereas smokers' alcohol use was related to both their previous drinking and their drinking self-efficacy. Among nonsmokers, neither drinking before nor early in pregnancy was related to alcohol use later in pregnancy; only subjects' self-efficacy and their beliefs about the consequences of drinking during pregnancy predicted their subsequent alcohol use. These results are consistent with the notion that greater addictive potential lessens the direct impact of psychological factors on substance use during pregnancy. Further implications of these findings for interventions and other health-related behaviors are also discussed.
这项针对241名女性的前瞻性研究调查了过去行为和心理因素对孕期吸烟和饮酒的影响。将吸烟者孕期的吸烟情况与其饮酒情况进行比较，同时将吸烟者中的饮酒情况与不吸烟者进行比较。只有既往吸烟直接预测了吸烟者在孕期后期的吸烟行为，而吸烟者的饮酒行为则与其既往饮酒情况及其饮酒自我效能感均有关联。在不吸烟者中，孕期前或孕早期饮酒均与孕期后期的饮酒行为无关；只有受试者的自我效能感以及她们对孕期饮酒后果的信念能够预测其随后的饮酒行为。这些结果与以下观点一致，即更大的成瘾潜力会减弱心理因素对孕期物质使用的直接影响。本文还讨论了这些研究结果对干预措施及其他健康相关行为的进一步启示。
