Engeland A, Andersen A, Haldorsen T, Tretli S
Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Institute for Epidemiological Cancer Research, Montebello, Norway.
Cancer Causes Control. 1996 Sep;7(5):497-506. doi: 10.1007/BF00051881.
The impact of tobacco smoking on lung cancer risk has been investigated thoroughly since the 1950s, but other types of cancer also have been associated with smoking. In the present study, the aim was to explore the variation in risk connected with cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking of suspected smoking-associated cancers other than lung cancer. Data were obtained from a survey of a random sample of the Norwegian population. A self-administered mailed questionnaire, which included questions about smoking habits, was completed by 26,000 men and women in 1965 (response rate: 76 percent). The cohort was followed from 1966 through 1993, including registration of all incident cancer cases. A dose-response relationship of cigarette smoking to the risk of urinary bladder cancer and cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract was observed. For the latter forms of cancer, a dose-response relationship of pipe smoking also was observed. In cancer of the pancreas, a stronger association between cigarette smoking and cancer risk was observed when the analysis was confined to histologically confirmed cases only. Current cigarette smokers at baseline had a significantly higher risk of cervical cancer than those who never smoked cigarettes. In cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, and prostate, and in leukemia, no association between smoking and cancer risk was observed.
自20世纪50年代以来，吸烟对肺癌风险的影响已得到充分研究，但其他类型的癌症也与吸烟有关。在本研究中，目的是探讨除肺癌外，与吸烟相关的疑似癌症的香烟、雪茄和烟斗吸烟所带来的风险差异。数据来自对挪威人口随机样本的一项调查。1965年，26000名男性和女性完成了一份包括吸烟习惯问题的自填邮寄问卷（回复率：76%）。该队列从1966年至1993年进行随访，包括登记所有新发癌症病例。观察到吸烟与膀胱癌以及上消化道和呼吸道癌症风险之间存在剂量反应关系。对于后几种癌症，也观察到了烟斗吸烟的剂量反应关系。在胰腺癌中，仅将分析局限于组织学确诊病例时，观察到吸烟与癌症风险之间有更强的关联。基线时的当前吸烟者患宫颈癌的风险显著高于从不吸烟的人。在胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫体癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌以及白血病中，未观察到吸烟与癌症风险之间的关联。
