Abernethy P J, Jürimäe J
Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Sep;28(9):1180-7. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199609000-00015.
The purposes of this investigation were to assess whether maximal isoinertial (triceps pushdown [TP] and triceps extension [TE]), isometric and isokinetic (1.04, 2.08, 3.14, 4.16, and 5.20 rad.s-1) forearm extension strength measures: 1) presented statistical generality when they were correlated prior to and following 4, 8, and 12 wk of resistance training; 2) were similarly affected by training; and 3) presented statistical generality when their changes as a consequence of training were intercorrelated. Fifteen men (11 experimental and 4 controls) without a history of resistance training participated in the study. Training involved four sets of 8-12 repetitions, each followed by 90-s recovery, at 70-75% one repetition maximum (1RM), three times a week, for 12 wk. Training incorporated the TP, close-grip bench press, and triceps kickback exercises. Prior to and after 4, 8, and 12 wk of training, the intercorrelations among the TP, isometric, and isokinetic indices almost always achieved statistical generality (i.e., r2 > 0.5). It was concluded that the strength measures generally discriminated similarly between subjects. However, the sensitivity of the strength measures to the effects of training were dissimilar. While all strength indices increased with the training, the timing (isoinertial prior to isometric and isokinetic adaptations) and magnitude (TP > TE > isometric > isokinetic) of the adaptations varied greatly. None of the intercorrelations between changes in the strength indices achieved statistical generality. Furthermore, factor (F)-analyses on these changes indicated that in the initial and later stages of training, there were three and four discrete factors, respectively, accounting for strength development. These factors were thought to reflect differential effects of training on the structural, neural (including learning), and mechanical mechanisms underpinning each strength index. Possible applications of this research design in better understanding strength development were also canvassed.
本研究的目的是评估最大等惯性（肱三头肌下压[TP]和肱三头肌伸展[TE]）、等长和等速（1.04、2.08、3.14、4.16和5.20弧度·秒⁻¹）前臂伸展力量指标：1）在进行4周、8周和12周抗阻训练前后进行相关性分析时，是否具有统计学普遍性；2）是否受到训练的相似影响；3）当它们因训练导致的变化相互关联时，是否具有统计学普遍性。15名无抗阻训练史的男性（11名实验组和4名对照组）参与了该研究。训练包括每周三次，每次四组，每组8 - 12次重复，每次重复后休息90秒，强度为1次最大重复量（1RM）的70 - 75%，共持续12周。训练包括TP、窄握卧推和肱三头肌后伸练习。在训练的4周、8周和12周前后，TP、等长和等速指标之间的相互相关性几乎总是达到统计学普遍性（即r²>0.5）。得出的结论是，力量指标在受试者之间的区分通常相似。然而，力量指标对训练效果的敏感性不同。虽然所有力量指标都随着训练而增加，但适应的时间（等惯性先于等长和等速适应）和幅度（TP>TE>等长>等速）差异很大。力量指标变化之间的相互相关性均未达到统计学普遍性。此外，对这些变化进行的因子（F）分析表明，在训练的初始阶段和后期阶段，分别有三个和四个离散因子解释力量发展。这些因子被认为反映了训练对支撑每个力量指标的结构、神经（包括学习）和机械机制的不同影响。还探讨了这种研究设计在更好地理解力量发展方面的可能应用。
