Watson M E, Rubin D C
Department of Experimental Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA.
Memory. 1996 Sep;4(5):515-34. doi: 10.1080/741940777.
Line drawings were presented in either a spatial or a nonspatial format. Subjects recalled each of four sets of 24 items in serial order. Amount recalled in the correct serial order and sequencing errors were scored. In Experiment 1 items appeared either in consecutive locations of a matrix or in one central location. Subjects who saw the items in different locations made fewer sequencing errors than those who saw each item in a central location, but serial recall levels for these two conditions did not differ. When items appeared in nonconsecutive locations in Experiment 2, the advantage of the spatial presentation on sequencing errors disappeared. Experiment 3 included conditions in which both the consecutive and nonconsecutive spatial formats were paired with retrieval cues that either did or did not indicate the sequence of locations in which the items had appeared. Spatial imagery aided sequencing when, and only when, the order of locations in which the stimuli appeared could be reconstructed at retrieval.
线条图以空间或非空间格式呈现。受试者按顺序回忆四组每组24个项目中的每一个。记录按正确顺序回忆的数量和排序错误。在实验1中，项目要么出现在矩阵的连续位置，要么出现在一个中心位置。在不同位置看到项目的受试者比在中心位置看到每个项目的受试者排序错误更少，但这两种情况下的系列回忆水平没有差异。在实验2中，当项目出现在不连续位置时，空间呈现对排序错误的优势消失了。实验3包括连续和不连续空间格式与检索线索配对的条件，检索线索指示或不指示项目出现的位置顺序。只有当刺激出现的位置顺序在检索时可以重建时，空间意象才有助于排序。
