Meltzer A A, Everhart J E
Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Obes Res. 1996 Sep;4(5):479-86. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00257.x.
The authors investigated two issues among overweight men and women in the U.S.: 1) what is the influence of the self-expressed intention to lose weight in the presence of other potential predictors of loss and 2) what are easily identifiable predictors of intentional weight loss during a 1-year recall period. The sample consisted of 1996 overweight men (body mass index (BMI > or = 27.8 kg/m2) and 2586 overweight women (BMI > or = 27.3 kg/m2) who answered questions regarding 1-year weight change in a Current Health Topic supplement of the population-based 1989 National Health Interview Survey. Of these overweight persons, 56.8% of men and 72.1% of women attempted to lose weight during the previous year. The most important characteristic associated with weight loss was the expressed intention itself. For any weight loss, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for intention were 4.6 (3.6-5.9) for men and 3.8 (2.8-5.0) for women. Controlling for other factors reduced the odds only slightly, to 4.3 for men and 3.5 for women. Among women, older age, having a greater frequency of blood pressure checks, and being in poorer health reduced the influence of intent as a predictor of loss. To address the second objective, the identification of predictors of intentional 1-year weight loss, analysis was restricted to overweight persons who attempted to lose weight. For both sexes, statistically significant predictors (p < 0.05) included never being married, smoking, higher BMI, being diabetic, and having a higher number of blood pressure checks. Being divorced or separated was predictive of weight loss in men only. Also, men were more likely to achieve weight loss than women. In conclusion, 1-year weight loss among the overweight was primarily a function of the intention to lose weight, although other factors contributed to determine whether weight loss was achieved.
1）在存在其他潜在减肥预测因素的情况下，自我表达的减肥意愿有何影响；2）在一年的回忆期内，哪些是容易识别的有意减肥预测因素。样本包括1996名超重男性（体重指数（BMI）≥27.8kg/m²）和2586名超重女性（BMI≥27.3kg/m²），他们在1989年全国健康访谈调查的基于人群的《当前健康主题》增刊中回答了有关一年体重变化的问题。在这些超重者中，56.8%的男性和72.1%的女性在前一年尝试过减肥。与减肥相关的最重要特征是表达的意愿本身。对于任何减肥情况，男性意愿的优势比（95%置信区间）为4.6（3.6 - 5.9），女性为3.8（2.8 - 5.0）。控制其他因素后，优势比仅略有降低，男性降至4.3，女性降至3.5。在女性中，年龄较大、血压检查频率较高以及健康状况较差会降低意愿作为减肥预测因素的影响。为了实现第二个目标，即确定一年有意减肥的预测因素，分析仅限于尝试减肥的超重者。对于男女两性，具有统计学意义的预测因素（p<0.05）包括从未结婚、吸烟、BMI较高、患有糖尿病以及血压检查次数较多。离婚或分居仅对男性的减肥有预测作用。此外，男性比女性更有可能实现减肥。总之，超重者一年的体重减轻主要取决于减肥意愿，尽管其他因素也有助于决定是否能实现体重减轻。
