Meltzer A A, Everhart J E
Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Obes Res. 1995 Sep;3 Suppl 2:123s-134s. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00455.x.
Population-based data have not been readily available on relatively short-term changes in weight. Therefore, we sought to determine the nature of self-reported substantial (> 10%) weight change over one year in a representative sample of the US population which participated in the 1989 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Across all ages, a larger proportion of women than men reported both weight loss as well as weight gain of any amount (18.9% vs. 16.1% for weight loss and 20.0% vs. 16.1% for weight gain). In sex-specific logistic regression analyses, significant risk factors common to both sexes for substantial weight loss included divorced/separated marital status, smoking, increased number of blood pressure checks, increased BMI (body mass index) and increased number of bed days. Black race reduced the risk of weight loss for both men and women. Sex-specific risk factors for weight loss in men only were widowhood or never married marital status, while increasing age was a protective factor in women only. Concerning weight gain > 10% over the past year, increased number of blood pressure checks and having one or more diabetic parents were significant risk factors among both men and women; while never being married, increased age, BMI, and education exerted a protective effect in both sexes. For women only, risk factors for weight gain included black race, increased number of contacts with a health professional, and being unemployed. Intention to lose weight was associated with both weight gain and weight loss in both sexes, although it did not serve as a confounder in any of these relationships. A greater likelihood of substantial weight loss among women relative to men was diminished for persons with higher BMI, higher number of blood pressure checks, being widowed, divorced or separated, and intention to lose weight. A greater likelihood of substantial weight gain among women relative to men was diminished for persons with low BMI. The results of this cross-sectional study of weight change, involving a one-year follow-up period, generally correspond with the results obtained by longitudinal studies involving a longer follow-up.
关于体重相对短期变化的基于人群的数据一直难以获取。因此，我们试图在美国参与1989年国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的代表性样本中，确定自我报告的一年内体重显著变化（>10%）的性质。在所有年龄段中，报告体重减轻以及任何程度体重增加的女性比例均高于男性（体重减轻分别为18.9%对16.1%，体重增加分别为20.0%对16.1%）。在按性别进行的逻辑回归分析中，两性体重显著减轻的共同显著风险因素包括离婚/分居的婚姻状况、吸烟、血压检查次数增加、BMI（身体质量指数）升高以及卧床天数增加。黑人种族降低了男性和女性体重减轻的风险。仅男性体重减轻的性别特异性风险因素是丧偶或从未结婚的婚姻状况，而年龄增加仅是女性体重减轻的保护因素。关于过去一年体重增加>10%，血压检查次数增加以及有一位或多位患糖尿病的父母是男性和女性的显著风险因素；而从未结婚、年龄增加、BMI和受教育程度在两性中均具有保护作用。仅对女性而言，体重增加的风险因素包括黑人种族、与医疗保健专业人员接触次数增加以及失业。减肥意愿与两性的体重增加和体重减轻均相关，尽管它在这些关系中均未充当混杂因素。对于BMI较高、血压检查次数较多、丧偶、离婚或分居以及有减肥意愿的人，女性相对于男性体重显著减轻的可能性降低。对于BMI较低的人，女性相对于男性体重显著增加的可能性降低。这项涉及一年随访期的体重变化横断面研究结果，总体上与涉及更长随访期的纵向研究结果相符。
