Hussell T, Spender L C, Georgiou A, O'Garra A, Openshaw P J
Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK.
J Gen Virol. 1996 Oct;77 ( Pt 10):2447-55. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-10-2447.
Helper T (Th) cells can be classified functionally into two main types. Broadly, Th1 cells play a major role in eliminating viral pathogens, while Th2 cells mediate anti-parasite immunity and allergic responses. These functions are thought to depend on characteristic and distinct patterns of cytokine production. Infection with human respiratory syncytial virus, an important common cold virus, causes transient lymphocytic bronchiolitis in mice. Activated T cells are partly responsible for this disease, but also eliminate the virus. To show whether polarized cytokine production occurs in individual cells during viral bronchiolitis, we sampled murine bronchoalveolar lavage and mediastinal lymph node cells before and after infection. RT-PCR of cellular mRNA and flow cytometric analysis of intracellular cytokine production showed a rapid IFN-gamma response at both sites, which persisted for more than 3 weeks in the lung. Most IFN-gamma-producing cells were CD8+. Some early CD4+ IFN-gamma-producing cells also made IL-10. Only low levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA or protein expression were detected at any time at either site. No cytokines were detected in B cell populations at either site. These novel techniques show the true complexity of cytokine production patterns on a cell-by-cell basis, allowing T cells to be reclassified according to function.
辅助性T（Th）细胞在功能上可大致分为两种主要类型。一般来说，Th1细胞在清除病毒病原体方面起主要作用，而Th2细胞介导抗寄生虫免疫和过敏反应。这些功能被认为取决于细胞因子产生的特征性和独特模式。感染人类呼吸道合胞病毒（一种重要的普通感冒病毒）会在小鼠中引发短暂性淋巴细胞性细支气管炎。活化的T细胞在一定程度上导致了这种疾病，但也能清除病毒。为了显示在病毒性细支气管炎期间单个细胞中是否发生极化的细胞因子产生，我们在感染前后对小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗和纵隔淋巴结细胞进行了采样。细胞mRNA的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和细胞内细胞因子产生的流式细胞术分析显示，两个部位均出现快速的γ干扰素反应，该反应在肺部持续超过3周。大多数产生γ干扰素的细胞是CD8 + 细胞。一些早期产生γ干扰素的CD4 + 细胞也产生白细胞介素-10。在任何时间，两个部位均仅检测到低水平的白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-4和白细胞介素-5的mRNA或蛋白表达。在两个部位的B细胞群体中均未检测到细胞因子。这些新技术显示了逐个细胞基础上细胞因子产生模式的真正复杂性，使得T细胞能够根据功能重新分类。
