Bissada N K, Abdelsayed M, Holder J C
Am Fam Physician. 1977 Aug;16(2):100-6.
Angiographic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma depends primarily upon the demonstration of abnormal vasculature within the tumor. Unless the renal vein is well visualized on the arteriogram, a venacavogram and renal venogram should be performed to detect tumor in these vessels. At present, the only effective treatment for renal carcinoma is radical nephrectomy.
肾细胞癌的血管造影诊断主要依赖于肿瘤内异常血管的显示。除非在动脉造影片上肾静脉显影良好，否则应进行腔静脉造影和肾静脉造影以检测这些血管内的肿瘤。目前，肾癌唯一有效的治疗方法是根治性肾切除术。
