Nelson J S, Milner T E, Anvari B, Tanenbaum B S, Svaasand L O, Kimel S
Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine 92715, USA.
Lasers Surg Med. 1996;19(2):224-9. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)19:2<224::AID-LSM15>3.0.CO;2-6.
When a cryogen spurt is applied to the skin surface for an appropriately short period of time (on the order of tens of milliseconds), the spatial distribution of cooling remains localized in the normal overlying epidermis, while leaving the temperature of the deeper port wine stain (PWS) blood vessels unchanged. Furthermore, cooling continues after pulsed laser exposure as cryogen remaining on the surface evaporates and removes heat deposited by light absorption in epidermal melanin. An additional advantage of dynamic cooling is a reduction in the level of pain and discomfort associated with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser therapy of PWS. Preliminary clinical studies and supporting theoretical calculations demonstrate the feasibility of selective epidermal cooling while achieving photothermolysis of blood vessels during pulsed laser treatment of PWS.
当在适当短的时间（几十毫秒量级）内将冷冻剂喷射到皮肤表面时，冷却的空间分布局限于正常的上层表皮，而深层葡萄酒色斑（PWS）血管的温度保持不变。此外，在脉冲激光照射后冷却仍会持续，因为留在表面的冷冻剂蒸发并带走因表皮黑色素吸收光而沉积的热量。动态冷却的另一个优点是降低了与PWS的闪光灯泵浦脉冲染料激光治疗相关的疼痛和不适程度。初步临床研究和支持性理论计算证明了在PWS的脉冲激光治疗期间实现血管光热解的同时进行选择性表皮冷却的可行性。
