Asplin J R
Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Semin Nephrol. 1996 Sep;16(5):412-24.
Uric acid is the end product of purine degradation in humans. It is a weak acid with a pK of 5.35 in urine. In acidic urine the undissociated form of uric acid predominates and is poorly soluble, leading to crystalluria and stone formation. Uric acid stones account for 5% to 10% of all stones in the United States. Acidic urine, hyperuricosuria, and low urine volume are the risk factors for uric acid stone formation. Uric acid stones may be idiopathic or secondary to a systemic disease such as gout. Treatment includes alkalinization of the urine, high fluid intake, and reduction of uric acid excretion if it is abnormal.
尿酸是人体嘌呤降解的终产物。它是一种弱酸，在尿液中的pK为5.35。在酸性尿液中，未离解形式的尿酸占主导，且溶解度低，导致结晶尿和结石形成。在美国，尿酸结石占所有结石的5%至10%。酸性尿液、高尿酸尿症和低尿量是尿酸结石形成的危险因素。尿酸结石可能是特发性的，也可能继发于痛风等全身性疾病。治疗包括尿液碱化、大量饮水，以及在尿酸排泄异常时减少尿酸排泄。
