Schubert H D
Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 1996 Sep-Oct;41(2):97-125. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6257(96)80001-4.
Hypotony is a natural occurrence, symptom, and complication of surgical treatment. With more sophisticated and aggressive techniques, postsurgical hypotony recently has been given increased attention as an obstacle to success of surgery for glaucoma and retinal detachment. Whereas two standard deviations below normal pressure (15.9-5.8 = 10.1 mm Hg) can be called hypotonous, most eyes, depending on scleral rigidity, lid pressure, eye rubbing, or corneal or retinal edema, will be symptomatic at < 5 mm Hg. Hypotony can be defined as the low pressure (whether acute, transient, chronic or permanent) which, in an individual eye, leads to functional changes (whether asymptomatic or symptomatic) and structural changes (whether reversible or irreversible). Depending on its duration and degree, postsurgical hypotony produces characteristic tissue changes that often are modified by, but separate from, the tissue changes caused by an underlying disease or its surgical treatment. This review summarizes the situations, variably associated with hypotony, that occur after such interventions as cataract extraction, filtering surgery, cyclodialysis, cyclodestruction, and vitreoretinal surgery, in addition to the reported pathomechanisms of hypotony and its proposed treatments.
低眼压是手术治疗的一种自然现象、症状和并发症。随着手术技术越来越复杂和激进，术后低眼压作为青光眼和视网膜脱离手术成功的障碍，近来受到了更多关注。虽然低于正常眼压两个标准差（15.9 - 5.8 = 10.1 mmHg）可称为低眼压，但大多数眼睛，取决于巩膜硬度、眼睑压力、揉眼或角膜或视网膜水肿情况，眼压低于5 mmHg时就会出现症状。低眼压可定义为在单眼中导致功能改变（无论有无症状）和结构改变（无论可逆或不可逆）的低眼压（无论是急性、短暂性、慢性还是永久性）。根据其持续时间和程度，术后低眼压会产生特征性的组织变化，这些变化通常会受到潜在疾病或其手术治疗所引起的组织变化的影响，但与之不同。本综述总结了白内障摘除、滤过手术、睫状体分离术、睫状体破坏术和玻璃体视网膜手术等干预措施后出现的与低眼压相关的不同情况，以及报道的低眼压发病机制和建议的治疗方法。
