Kochenderfer B J, Ladd G W
University of Illinois, Children's Research Center, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Child Dev. 1996 Aug;67(4):1305-17.
Past research has shown that peer victimization and school maladjustment are related, but it is unclear whether victimization is a cause or consequence of such difficulties. This study examined whether (a) peer victimization is a precursor of school maladjustment, (b) the effects are limited to the period of victimization, and (c) stable peer victimization experiences compound adjustment difficulties. Toward this end, data were collected on 200 5- and 6-year-old children (105 males, 95 females) in the fall and spring of kindergarten. Findings supported the hypothesis that victimization is a precursor of children's loneliness and school avoidance. Whereas children's feelings of loneliness were more pronounced while victimization was occurring, delayed effects were found for school avoidance. Furthermore, the duration of children's victimization experiences was related to the magnitude of their school adjustment problems.
过去的研究表明，同伴间的欺凌与学校适应不良有关，但尚不清楚欺凌是这些困难的原因还是结果。本研究考察了：（a）同伴间的欺凌是否是学校适应不良的先兆；（b）这些影响是否仅限于受欺凌期间；以及（c）持续的同伴欺凌经历是否会加剧适应困难。为此，在幼儿园秋季和春季收集了200名5岁和6岁儿童（105名男性，95名女性）的数据。研究结果支持了以下假设：欺凌是儿童孤独感和逃学行为的先兆。虽然儿童的孤独感在受欺凌期间更为明显，但逃学行为存在延迟效应。此外，儿童受欺凌经历的持续时间与他们学校适应问题的严重程度有关。
