Thorne A, Michaelieu Q
Department of Psychology, 277 Social Sciences II, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
Child Dev. 1996 Aug;67(4):1374-90.
To identify social schemas that are associated with self-esteem in adolescence, the contents of approximately 1,400 memories from a longitudinal sample of 41 males and 43 females were correlated with a Q-sort measure of self-esteem. Each memory concerned an important or problematic encounter, and was coded for social motive, affect, and identity of significant other. For young women, memories about wanting to help female friends were associated with chronically high and increasingly high levels of self-esteem from ages 14 to 23. For young men, memories about successfully asserting oneself with male friends were associated with chronically high and increasingly high levels of self-esteem. Low self-esteem in women, both chronic as well as decreasing, was associated with memories about failing to get approval from friends. Decreasing self-esteem for males was associated with memories about wanting love from female friends. The results confirm and refine prior findings that adolescent self-esteem is localized in relationships with peers rather than parents, and is based on different relational schemas for females than for males. The findings may help to identify contexts for preventative interventions to enhance adolescent self-esteem.
为了确定与青少年自尊相关的社会图式，对来自41名男性和43名女性纵向样本的约1400条记忆内容与自尊的Q分类测量进行了相关性分析。每条记忆都涉及一次重要或有问题的遭遇，并根据社会动机、情感和重要他人的身份进行编码。对于年轻女性来说，想要帮助女性朋友的记忆与14岁至23岁期间长期较高且不断上升的自尊水平相关。对于年轻男性来说，成功地在男性朋友面前坚持自己的记忆与长期较高且不断上升的自尊水平相关。女性的低自尊，无论是长期的还是逐渐下降的，都与未能得到朋友认可的记忆有关。男性自尊水平的下降与渴望得到女性朋友关爱的记忆有关。研究结果证实并完善了先前的发现，即青少年的自尊存在于与同伴而非父母的关系中，并且女性和男性基于不同的关系图式。这些发现可能有助于确定增强青少年自尊的预防性干预措施的背景。
