Kojima S
Department of Clinical Research, National Tohsei Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 1996 Sep;54(9):2364-9.
This paper gives an overview of recent findings regarding erythrocyte transport. The main transport systems in erythrocyte are Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, anion transport by band 3 protein, water channel and glucose transporter. The kinetics of Na+, K(+)-ATPase had been investigated in detail in several studies and these findings were briefly summarized. The accumulated studies in Ca(2+)-ATPase suggest that the ATPase is also E1/E2 type enzyme. The band 3 protein is most densely distributed protein in the erythrocyte membrane. The anion exchange through band 3 protein is indispensable for CO2 transport from CO2 generating tissues to the lung. The development of molecular biology enabled to discover water channel. The existence of water channel explains the swift movement of water through erythrocyte membrane. The gene for water channel of erythrocyte is designated as AQP1 and is one of gene family, MIP, consisting of 20 genes. The glucose transporter was also identified in the erythrocyte membrane and was named as GLUT1. The transporters involved in Na+, K(+)-cotransport, Na(+)-Li+ countertransport, and Gardos effect remain to be identified.
本文概述了近期关于红细胞转运的研究发现。红细胞中的主要转运系统包括钠钾ATP酶、钙ATP酶、带3蛋白介导的阴离子转运、水通道和葡萄糖转运体。多项研究已对钠钾ATP酶的动力学进行了详细研究，现将这些发现简要总结如下。关于钙ATP酶的大量研究表明，该ATP酶也是E1/E2型酶。带3蛋白是红细胞膜中分布最密集的蛋白质。通过带3蛋白进行的阴离子交换对于二氧化碳从产生二氧化碳的组织运输到肺部至关重要。分子生物学的发展使得水通道得以发现。水通道的存在解释了水在红细胞膜中的快速移动。红细胞水通道的基因被命名为AQP1，它是由20个基因组成的MIP基因家族的一员。葡萄糖转运体也在红细胞膜中被鉴定出来，并被命名为GLUT1。参与钠钾协同转运、钠锂逆向转运和加尔多斯效应的转运体仍有待确定。
