Walker S E, Ayres J M
Department of Anthropology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95221, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Oct;101(2):161-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199610)101:2<161::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-5.
The positional behavior and habitat use of a group of white uakaries (Cacajao calvus calvus) was observed for 6 weeks in the dry season at Lake Teiú, Brazil. Data are presented for feeding, traveling, and resting activities. The most common feeding posture is sit, followed by stand. Cacajao frequently exhibits locomotor behaviors while in feeding trees, using pronograde clamber and quadrupedal walk. The most frequently used locomotor behaviors in travel are quadrupedal walk, leap, and pronograde clamber. Quadrupedal run and drop also figure importantly in the behavioral repertoire. The most frequent resting posture was sit, followed by ventral lie. Compared to representative members of the other pitheciin genera, Pithecia and Chiropotes, Cacajao engages in more locomotion while feeding, and uses more pedal suspension. While traveling, pronograde clamber and drop are more frequently used by Cacajao. Multiple, deformable supports are used more by Cacajao than by the other pitheciins throughout all activities. Overall, the positional behavior of Cacajao is more similar to that of Chiropotes than of Pithecia. Cacajao's behavioral solutions to the problems of balance imposed by its greatly reduced tail are discussed.
在巴西泰尤湖的旱季，对一群白秃猴（Cacajao calvus calvus）的位置行为和栖息地利用情况进行了为期6周的观察。文中呈现了进食、移动和休息活动的数据。最常见的进食姿势是坐着，其次是站立。白秃猴在进食树上时经常表现出运动行为，采用前肢攀爬和四足行走。移动时最常使用的运动行为是四足行走、跳跃和前肢攀爬。四足奔跑和跳下在行为表现中也很重要。最常见的休息姿势是坐着，其次是腹面躺卧。与其他僧面猴属（Pithecia）和白脸僧面猴属（Chiropotes）的代表性成员相比，白秃猴在进食时的活动更多，并且更多地使用足部悬挂。在移动时，白秃猴更频繁地使用前肢攀爬和跳下。在所有活动中，白秃猴比其他僧面猴更多地使用多个可变形支撑。总体而言，白秃猴的位置行为与白脸僧面猴的更相似，而与僧面猴的不同。文中讨论了白秃猴因其大幅缩短的尾巴所带来的平衡问题而采取的行为解决方案。
