A comparison of clinical and endoscopic features of bleeding and non-bleeding peptic ulcer in Singapore.

Two hundred and seventy-seven consecutive cases of peptic ulcer patients were compared. Of these, 103 presented with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage and 174 presented with pain. The median age of those who bled (53 years) was not significantly higher than those who presented with pain (50 years) (P > 0.05). Bleeding peptic ulcer patients, when compared to non-bleeding ulcer patients, tended to present with a past history of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, have ingested non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and have, at endoscopy, ulcers greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. The site and number of ulcers did not influence the mode of presentation. About 60% of bleeding ulcers were found in the duodenum and this proportion of duodenal ulcers was not significantly different in both groups of patients. Gastric ulcer patients who bled tended to be significantly associated with ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gender and ethnic distribution, smoking and alcohol ingestion were all not associated with the presentation of haemorrhage.