Herth K
Georgia Southern University, Department of Nursing, Statesboro 30480-8158, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Oct;24(4):743-53. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.25113.x.
Homeless families represent one-third of the homeless population. These families have few resources and experience multiple stressors. This study explored the meaning of hope and the influence of specific characteristics on hope, and identified strategies that are used to foster hope in homeless families living in four homeless shelters. Using the technique of methodological triangulation (interview, Herth Hope Index, and Background Data Form), the author collected cross-sectional data on 52 homeless families and longitudinal data on 10 families over a 9-month period of time in order to provide a clearer understanding of the hope process. Hope was described as a power within the self that mobilizes one to move beyond the present situation and to envision a better tomorrow for one's self and others. Six hope-engendering strategies and four hope-hindering factors were identified based on the interview responses of adult family members. Overall hope levels in those residing in the homeless shelter were low and remained stable across the background variables with the exception of those receiving nurse-provided health care on the premises. Across time, hope levels were found to be low at interview time one, to rise significantly at time two, and to level off at time three. An understanding of hope from the perspective of the homeless family could provide a basis upon which to develop interventions that engender hope.
无家可归的家庭占无家可归人口的三分之一。这些家庭资源匮乏，面临多种压力源。本研究探讨了希望的意义以及特定特征对希望的影响，并确定了用于在四个无家可归者收容所中生活的无家可归家庭中培养希望的策略。作者使用方法三角测量技术（访谈、赫思希望指数和背景数据表），收集了52个无家可归家庭的横断面数据以及10个家庭在9个月期间的纵向数据，以便更清楚地了解希望的过程。希望被描述为一种内在的力量，它促使一个人超越当前的处境，为自己和他人设想一个更美好的明天。根据成年家庭成员的访谈回答，确定了六种产生希望的策略和四种阻碍希望的因素。居住在无家可归者收容所的人的总体希望水平较低，除了那些在收容所接受护士提供的医疗保健的人之外，在各种背景变量中保持稳定。随着时间的推移，发现希望水平在第一次访谈时较低，在第二次访谈时显著上升，在第三次访谈时趋于平稳。从无家可归家庭的角度理解希望，可以为制定产生希望的干预措施提供基础。
