Hope from the perspective of homeless families.

Homeless families represent one-third of the homeless population. These families have few resources and experience multiple stressors. This study explored the meaning of hope and the influence of specific characteristics on hope, and identified strategies that are used to foster hope in homeless families living in four homeless shelters. Using the technique of methodological triangulation (interview, Herth Hope Index, and Background Data Form), the author collected cross-sectional data on 52 homeless families and longitudinal data on 10 families over a 9-month period of time in order to provide a clearer understanding of the hope process. Hope was described as a power within the self that mobilizes one to move beyond the present situation and to envision a better tomorrow for one's self and others. Six hope-engendering strategies and four hope-hindering factors were identified based on the interview responses of adult family members. Overall hope levels in those residing in the homeless shelter were low and remained stable across the background variables with the exception of those receiving nurse-provided health care on the premises. Across time, hope levels were found to be low at interview time one, to rise significantly at time two, and to level off at time three. An understanding of hope from the perspective of the homeless family could provide a basis upon which to develop interventions that engender hope.