Coulon L, Mok M, Krause K L, Anderson M
Department of Professional Nursing Development, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Oct;24(4):817-26. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.25921.x.
This study explores the meaning of excellence in nursing care held by nurses. Qualitative data were collected from 156 undergraduate and postgraduate nurses by means of an open-ended questionnaire. Respondents were asked to reflect on practice which enabled a clear understanding of the meanings given to excellence in nursing care. In addition, details of their nursing background, level of nursing experience, and demographics were sought. Responses were content-analysed for themes by three coders. Four major themes emerged: (1) professionalism, (2) holistic care, (3) practice, (4) humanism. The fourth theme comprised three sub-themes: (a) enabling personal qualities, (b) nurse patient relationships, and (c) nurse-health team relationships. Responses revealed that professionalism constituted an all-encompassing theme subsuming all others. Findings suggested that the client is the central focus of excellent nursing care at all times. According to these respondents, nurses who deliver excellent nursing care implement nursing in a professional and competent manner, demonstrate a holistic approach to caring, possess certain personal qualities which enhance practice, and relate to patients, families, peers, hospital administrators and community members in a competent, cooperative manner. An important aspect of this study is the differential quality of responses provided by respondents, who were students enrolled in a nursing degree programme compared to respondents who were state-registered nurses and concurrently undertaking higher degree studies. The final result is suggestive of the stages of transition through which nurses pass in their quest for excellence.
本研究探讨了护士所认为的优质护理的意义。通过一份开放式问卷，从156名本科和研究生护士那里收集了定性数据。受访者被要求反思能够清晰理解优质护理意义的实践。此外，还了解了他们的护理背景、护理经验水平和人口统计学信息。由三名编码员对回复进行主题内容分析。出现了四个主要主题：（1）专业精神，（2）整体护理，（3）实践，（4）人文主义。第四个主题包括三个子主题：（a）赋能个人品质，（b）护患关系，以及（c）护士与医疗团队关系。回复显示，专业精神是一个涵盖所有其他主题的总体主题。研究结果表明，患者始终是优质护理的核心关注点。根据这些受访者的说法，提供优质护理的护士以专业且胜任的方式实施护理，展现出整体护理方法，具备某些提升实践的个人品质，并以胜任、合作的方式与患者、家属、同行、医院管理人员和社区成员相处。本研究的一个重要方面是受访者提供的回复质量存在差异，这些受访者中一部分是攻读护理学位课程的学生，另一部分是注册护士且同时正在攻读更高学位。最终结果表明了护士在追求卓越过程中所经历的过渡阶段。
