Mitchell J H, Victor R G
Harry S. Moss Heart Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9034, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Oct;28(10 Suppl):S60-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199610000-00036.
The regulation of the heart and peripheral circulation by the nervous system is accomplished by control centers in the medulla that receive descending input from higher neural areas in the brain and afferent input from mechanically and chemically sensitive receptors located throughout the body. The resultant changes in efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic activity allow rapid cardiovascular responses during a number of physiological perturbations including changes in posture, physical activity, temperature, altitude, and microgravity. The ability to record sympathetic nerve activity targeted to the skeletal muscle vasculature with intraneural microelectrodes has provided a powerful new tool to study fundamental mechanisms of neurocirculatory regulation in conscious human subjects. In the last three decades, microneurographic studies have shed new light on the reflex regulation of skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity by arterial baroreceptors, arterial chemoreceptors, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. In addition, microneurography is particularly well suited to study the regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity by skeletal muscle afferents and central neural drive (central command) during static exercise. This review highlights the experimental approaches using microneurography and some new conclusions concerning regulation of sympathetic nerve activity to the human skeletal muscle bed.
神经系统对心脏和外周循环的调节是通过延髓中的控制中心完成的，这些控制中心接收来自大脑中更高神经区域的下行输入以及来自遍布全身的机械和化学敏感感受器的传入输入。在包括姿势变化、体力活动、温度、海拔和微重力等多种生理扰动期间，传出交感神经和副交感神经活动的相应变化使得能够快速进行心血管反应。使用神经内微电极记录靶向骨骼肌血管系统的交感神经活动的能力，为研究清醒人类受试者神经循环调节的基本机制提供了一种强大的新工具。在过去三十年中，微神经图研究为动脉压力感受器、动脉化学感受器和心肺压力感受器对骨骼肌交感神经活动的反射调节提供了新的见解。此外，微神经图特别适合研究静态运动期间骨骼肌传入神经和中枢神经驱动（中枢指令）对肌肉交感神经活动的调节。本综述重点介绍了使用微神经图的实验方法以及关于人类骨骼肌床交感神经活动调节的一些新结论。
