Cronin M A, Stuart R, Pierson B J, Patton J C
LGL Ecological Genetics, Inc, Bryan, Texas 77801, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1996 Oct;6(2):295-311. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0078.
To assess phylogenetic relationships among the higher ruminants (infraorder Pecora, order Artiodactyla), we analyzed K-casein DNA sequences, including 434 nucleotides of the fourth exon. The higher ruminant families Bovidae, Cervidae, Giraffidae, and Antilocapridae each have monophyletic K-casein sequences. Maximum parsimony and distance analyses identify Giraffidae as a sister group to either Cervidae or a Bovidae-Cervidae clade and Antilocapridae as a sister group to a Bovidae-Cervidae-Giraffidae clade. At a higher level these four families occur as a monophyletic clade relative to Tragulidae and Suidae. Within Cervidae, the subfamily Odocoileinae is monophyletic and Cervinae and Muntiacinae occur as independent lineages within a separate clade. Within Bovidae, the subfamilies Bovinae and Caprinae are monophyletic. Genera within Cervinae (Cervus, Elaphurus) and Bovinae (Bison, Bos) are paraphyletic. There is intraspecific allelic variation in Cervus elaphus, Odocoileus hemionus, and Bison bison. The rate of K-casein fourth exon DNA sequence evolution is estimated to be about 0.004 nucleotide substitutions per million years. The K-casein phylogeny is discussed relative to other molecular and morphological data.
为了评估高级反刍动物（偶蹄目牛形亚目）之间的系统发育关系，我们分析了κ-酪蛋白DNA序列，包括第四外显子的434个核苷酸。高级反刍动物科牛科、鹿科、长颈鹿科和叉角羚科各自都有单系的κ-酪蛋白序列。最大简约法和距离分析确定长颈鹿科是鹿科或牛科 - 鹿科进化枝的姐妹群，叉角羚科是牛科 - 鹿科 - 长颈鹿科进化枝的姐妹群。在更高层次上，相对于鼷鹿科和猪科，这四个科形成一个单系进化枝。在鹿科中，空齿鹿亚科是单系的，而鹿亚科和麂亚科在一个单独的进化枝中作为独立的谱系出现。在牛科中，牛亚科和羊亚科是单系的。鹿亚科（鹿属、麋鹿属）和牛亚科（美洲野牛属、牛属）内的属是并系的。在马鹿、白尾鹿和美洲野牛中存在种内等位基因变异。估计κ-酪蛋白第四外显子DNA序列的进化速率约为每百万年0.004个核苷酸替换。结合其他分子和形态学数据对κ-酪蛋白系统发育进行了讨论。
