Zahlsen K, Nilsen T, Nilsen O G
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996 Oct;79(4):183-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1996.tb02086.x.
Hair from 80 male subjects, smokers and non-smokers, was exposed continuously in a dynamic exposure chamber to constant nicotine vapour concentrations of 20, 200 or 2000 micrograms/m3 for 72 hr. Subgroups of high and low nicotine adsorbing hair were also exposed intermittantly to environmental tobacco smoke for 8 months. Air and hair concentrations of nicotine were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chamber experiments demonstrated a hair nicotine uptake which followed a second order relation to the applied concentrations of nicotine, y = -0.00018x2 + 0.715x + 1.13, r2 = 0.99999. The function and the experimental points showed linearity up to an air nicotine vapour concentration of about 200 micrograms/m+, covering the most relevant range of environmental exposure. An approximately 7- and 2-fold interindividual variation was observed in the hair uptake rate constant of nicotine vapour for the investigated material within the 10 to 90 and 25 to 75% percentiles, respectively. The factors causing this variation were not identified. It was shown that subject age, hair diameter and hair content of eumelanin were without correlation to the rate constants of hair nicotine uptake. The exposure of subgroups of hair to environmental tobacco smoke showed similar uptake profiles of nicotine as that experienced with exposure to pure nicotine vapour, supporting the relevance of controlled chamber nicotine vapour exposures as a relevant tool for the evaluation of hair nicotine uptake from a more complex environmental situation. Standardized measurements of air nicotine vapour and particulate concentrations in a modern office during 3 hr periodical smoking periods, showed that the number of cigarettes smoked was a poor indicator for the estimation of individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke constituents. Hair nicotine measurements so far seem to be superior to other suggested methodologies for estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, but further studies should be initiated to identify factors determining the rate constant of hair nicotine uptake.
来自80名男性受试者（包括吸烟者和非吸烟者）的头发在动态暴露舱中连续72小时暴露于浓度分别为20、200或2000微克/立方米的恒定尼古丁蒸气中。高尼古丁吸附性和低尼古丁吸附性头发的亚组还间歇性地暴露于环境烟草烟雾中8个月。通过气相色谱/质谱法测定空气中和头发中的尼古丁浓度。舱内实验表明，头发对尼古丁的摄取与施加的尼古丁浓度呈二级关系，即y = -0.00018x² + 0.715x + 1.13，r² = 0.99999。该函数和实验点在空气尼古丁蒸气浓度约为200微克/立方米之前呈线性关系，涵盖了环境暴露的最相关范围。在所研究材料中，尼古丁蒸气的头发摄取速率常数在第10至90百分位数和第25至75百分位数内分别观察到约7倍和2倍的个体间差异。导致这种差异的因素尚未确定。结果表明，受试者年龄、头发直径和真黑素的头发含量与头发尼古丁摄取速率常数无关。头发亚组暴露于环境烟草烟雾中显示出与暴露于纯尼古丁蒸气时相似的尼古丁摄取情况，这支持了将受控舱内尼古丁蒸气暴露作为评估在更复杂环境情况下头发对尼古丁摄取的相关工具的相关性。在现代办公室进行的3小时定期吸烟期间对空气中尼古丁蒸气和颗粒物浓度的标准化测量表明，吸烟数量是估计个体暴露于环境烟草烟雾成分的不良指标。到目前为止，头发尼古丁测量似乎优于其他建议的估计环境烟草烟雾暴露的方法，但应启动进一步研究以确定决定头发尼古丁摄取速率常数的因素。
