Bordin D, De Giorgi G, Porqueddu Zacchello G, Zanon A, Rigon F
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università degli Studi, Padova.
Minerva Pediatr. 1995 Dec;47(12):521-6.
This research presents an epidemiological study on the prevalence of obesity and overweightness in an Elementary School population. 243 children of third and fourth grade (males 52.26% and females 47.74%, 9-10 years old) of the Selvazzano (Padova) District, were evaluated during the annual medical visit. The Body Max Index (BMI) and the Cole index were calculated. The parents filled out a questionnaire which investigated the level and quality of involvement in sports. The statistical analysis was executed by the ANOVA test and post Hoc analysis. 59.02% of the children resulted within the ponderal normality with the Cole index < or = 110, 13.5% resulted overweight (Cole index 110 divided by 120), 20% resulted obese (Cole index 120 divided by 140), 7.3% resulted highly obese (Cole index > 140). High level obesity was found in fourth grade boys (p < 0.0001). As far as sports are concerned, it is noted that 173 children (73.3%) practise some sport. The more practised sports, swimming (44.5%), soccer (27.1%) and gymnastic (15.02%), are practised twice a week by 58.3% of the children. Obesity and overweight in the examined population result high even in relation to data found in literature. When choosing a sport activity to prevent overweightness or obesity, one should advise parents, school operators and students to choose a sport with a great caloric consumption, at least 250-300 kcal per session, twice a week, along with a change in active lifestyle. Regarding swimming, the most practised sport, children should be sent at an early age (4-5 years old) in order to anticipate learning of the athletic gesture, and to do this at an age in which obesity and overweightness have less an incidence.
本研究针对一所小学人群中的肥胖和超重患病率开展了一项流行病学研究。对塞尔瓦扎诺（帕多瓦）区243名三、四年级儿童（男性占52.26%，女性占47.74%，年龄在9至10岁）进行了年度体检评估。计算了身体质量指数（BMI）和科尔指数。家长填写了一份调查问卷，用以调查参与体育活动的程度和质量。通过方差分析（ANOVA）测试和事后分析进行统计分析。59.02%的儿童科尔指数≤110，体重处于正常范围；13.5%的儿童超重（科尔指数为110至120）；20%的儿童肥胖（科尔指数为120至140）；7.3%的儿童高度肥胖（科尔指数＞140）。四年级男生中发现了高水平肥胖（p＜0.0001）。就体育活动而言，注意到173名儿童（73.3%）进行某种体育活动。参与度较高的体育活动依次为游泳（44.5%）、足球（27.1%）和体操（15.02%），58.3%的儿童每周进行两次这些体育活动。即便与文献中的数据相比，所调查人群中的肥胖和超重比例也很高。在选择预防超重或肥胖的体育活动时，应建议家长、学校工作人员和学生选择热量消耗大的体育活动，每次至少消耗250 - 300千卡热量，每周两次，同时改变积极的生活方式。对于最常参与的游泳运动，应在儿童早期（4 - 5岁）就送去学习，以便尽早掌握运动姿势，且在肥胖和超重发病率较低的年龄段进行。
