Richmond R L
School of Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
Addict Behav. 1996 Nov-Dec;21(6):683-97. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(96)00028-7.
We report the results from a series of four controlled trials which evaluate efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of interventions for smokers, and then discuss diffusion of our program in feasibility studies both nationally in Australia and internationally. In our first study we reported that when general practitioners delivered moderately brief advice to smokers, they have a 36% abstinence rate at three years. In the second study we found that doctors achieve a 12% abstinence at one year after giving minimal advice to patients, and when using a more involved intervention, quit rates of just less than 20% at one year. In the third and fourth studies of utilization of the smoking cessation program we report that reinforcement contact following a 2-hour training workshop increased doctors' use of a smoking cessation program at 6 months compared to no contact. The challenge of translating research findings into practice for the benefit of doctors in Australia as well as in a low-income country such as China, is described in two feasibility studies. Over the past 11 years we have disseminated the program nationally in Australia, and over 4500 doctors have been trained. Diffusion theory provides a useful model which has guided us in our implementation efforts in Australia and is being used to allow us to introduce the smoking cessation intervention for Chinese doctors to use.
我们报告了四项对照试验的结果，这些试验评估了针对吸烟者的干预措施的疗效、有效性和实施情况，然后讨论了我们的项目在澳大利亚国内和国际可行性研究中的推广情况。在我们的第一项研究中，我们报告称，当全科医生向吸烟者提供适度简短的建议时，他们在三年后的戒烟率为36%。在第二项研究中，我们发现医生在向患者提供最少建议后，一年的戒烟率为12%，而在使用更全面的干预措施时，一年的戒烟率略低于20%。在戒烟项目利用情况的第三项和第四项研究中，我们报告称，与无后续联系相比，在参加两小时培训工作坊后进行强化联系，可提高医生在6个月时对戒烟项目的使用。两项可行性研究描述了将研究结果转化为实践以造福澳大利亚以及中国等低收入国家医生的挑战。在过去11年里，我们已在澳大利亚全国推广该项目，已有超过4500名医生接受了培训。扩散理论提供了一个有用的模型，它在我们澳大利亚的实施工作中为我们提供了指导，并正被用于让我们为中国医生引入戒烟干预措施以供使用。
