Richmond R L, Anderson P
Brief Intervention Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Addiction. 1994 Jan;89(1):49-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00849.x.
This article reviews the main methods of dissemination of interventions to doctors for the benefit of patients who are smokers and excessive drinkers. Firstly, the modes of delivery of interventions are discussed such as: postal delivery, face-to-face strategies such as an educational facilitator, courier, training workshops, reinforcement contact after training, and teaching in medical school. Secondly, we examine GPs' delivery of interventions working in association with others such as with: the health visitor, health facilitator, practice nurse, and specialist clinic. Thirdly, we discuss the debate about the public health impact of GP interventions for smokers, which is about rates of recruitment of patients to programs and about the most effective interventions that will continue to be used by GPs. Fourthly, doctors underutilize their opportunities to identify and intervene with smokers and excessive drinkers and we explore many of the barriers to intervention. Finally, there are several new initiatives in general practice that require research including: matching GPs to specific treatments, comparing the uptake and continued use of different levels of interventions, evaluating the most effective ways of delivering interventions to GPs, and the training of doctors in the intervention methods.
本文回顾了为吸烟者和酗酒者患者的利益而向医生传播干预措施的主要方法。首先，讨论了干预措施的传递方式，例如：邮寄、诸如教育促进者、快递员、培训讲习班、培训后的强化联系以及医学院教学等面对面策略。其次，我们研究了全科医生与其他人员（如健康访视员、健康促进者、执业护士和专科诊所）合作开展干预措施的情况。第三，我们讨论了关于全科医生对吸烟者干预措施的公共卫生影响的争论，这涉及到项目患者招募率以及全科医生将继续使用的最有效干预措施。第四，医生未充分利用识别和干预吸烟者及酗酒者的机会，我们探讨了许多干预障碍。最后，全科医疗中有几项新举措需要研究，包括：为全科医生匹配特定治疗方法、比较不同程度干预措施的采用情况和持续使用情况、评估向全科医生提供干预措施的最有效方式以及对医生进行干预方法培训。
