Prediction of conformational states of amino acids using a Ramachandran plot.

(phi, psi) data from crystal structures of 221 proteins having high resolution and sequence similarity cut-off at the 25% level were analysed by dividing the Ramachandran plot in three regions representing three conformational states: (i) conformational state 1: conformations in the (phi, psi) range from (-140 degrees, -100 degrees) to (0 degrees, 0 degrees); (ii) conformational state 2: conformations with (phi, psi) from (-180 degrees, 80 degrees) to (0 degrees, 180 degrees); and (iii) conformational state 3: all the remaining conformations in the (phi, psi) plane which are not included in the above two conformational states. Normalized probability values of the occurrence of single amino acid residues in conformational regions 1-3 and similar values for dipeptides were calculated. Comparisons of single residue and dipeptide normalized probability values have shown that short-range interactions, although strong, destabilize conformational states of only 44 dipeptides out of the 400 x 9 possible states. However, dipeptide frequency values provide better resolving power than single-residue potentials when used to predict conformational states of residues in a protein from its primary structure. The simple approach used in the present study to predict conformational states yields an accuracy of > 70% for 14 proteins and an accuracy in the range of 50-70% for 247 proteins. Thus these studies point out yet another use of the Ramachandran plot and the role of tertiary interactions in protein folding.