Zhang X, Ji R R, Arvidsson J, Lundberg J M, Bartfai T, Bedecs K, Hökfelt T
Department of Neuroscience/Histology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Exp Brain Res. 1996 Oct;111(3):393-404. doi: 10.1007/BF00228728.
Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, the expression of galanin (GAL)/galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like immunoreactivities and mRNAs, and NPY receptor mRNA was studied in normal trigeminal and nodose ganglia and 14 and 42 days after peripheral axotomy. In normal trigeminal ganglia about 11% of the counted neuron profiles contained GAL mRNA, 4% NOS mRNA, 5% NPY mRNA, 7% VIP mRNA, and 19% NPY receptor mRNA. Peptide mRNA- and NPY receptor mRNA-positive neuron profiles were small in size. Fourteen days after axotomy a marked increase in the number of GAL mRNA-(34% of counted neuron profiles), NPY mRNA-(54%) and VIP mRNA-(31%) positive neuron profiles, and a moderate increase in the number of NOS mRNA-(22%) positive neuron profiles were observed in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia. The GAL/GMAP, VIP- and NOS-positive profiles were mainly small, the NPY-positive ones mostly large. NPY receptor mRNA was expressed in some large neurons. In normal nodose ganglia, about 3% of the counted neuron profiles contained GAL mRNA, 3% NPY mRNA, 17% NOS mRNA and less than 1% VIP mRNA. Fourteen days after peripheral axotomy, a marked increase in the number of GAL mRNA-(78% of counted neuron profiles), NOS mRNA-(37%) and VIP-(46%) mRNA-positive neuron profiles was seen in the ipsilateral nodose ganglia. The number of NPY-positive (23%) neurons was moderately increased, mainly in small neuron profiles. There were no NPY receptor mRNA-positive neurons, either in normal nodose ganglia or in nodose ganglia ipsilateral to the axotomy. In contralateral nodose ganglia the number of GAL- and NPY-positive neuron profiles was slightly increased, and VIP cells showed a moderate increase. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed parallel changes in expression of peptides and NOS in both trigeminal and nodose ganglia, demonstrating that the changes in mRNA levels are translated into protein. Finally, although not quantified, similar upregulations of peptide and NOS mRNA levels were observed in both ganglia 42 days after nerve injury provided that regeneration was not allowed, suggesting that the changes are long lasting. The present results show that the effect of axotomy on peptide and NOS expression in the trigeminal and nodose ganglia is similar to that previously shown for lumbar dorsal root ganglia. However, no mRNA for the NPY Y1 receptor could be detected in the vagal system. In general the mechanism(s) for and the purpose(s) of the messenger regulation in response to axotomy may be similar in these different sensory systems (dorsal root, trigeminal and nodose ganglia).
运用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术，研究了甘丙肽（GAL）/甘丙肽信息相关肽（GMAP）、神经肽Y（NPY）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）/肽组氨酸异亮氨酸（PHI）以及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）样免疫反应性和mRNA，以及NPY受体mRNA在正常三叉神经节和结状神经节中，以及外周轴突切断术后14天和42天的表达情况。在正常三叉神经节中，约11%的计数神经元轮廓含有GAL mRNA，4%含有NOS mRNA，5%含有NPY mRNA，7%含有VIP mRNA，19%含有NPY受体mRNA。肽mRNA和NPY受体mRNA阳性的神经元轮廓较小。轴突切断术后14天，在同侧三叉神经节中观察到GAL mRNA阳性（占计数神经元轮廓的34%）、NPY mRNA阳性（54%）和VIP mRNA阳性（31%）的神经元轮廓数量显著增加，NOS mRNA阳性（22%）的神经元轮廓数量适度增加。GAL/GMAP、VIP和NOS阳性轮廓主要较小，NPY阳性轮廓大多较大。NPY受体mRNA在一些大神经元中表达。在正常结状神经节中，约3%的计数神经元轮廓含有GAL mRNA，3%含有NPY mRNA，17%含有NOS mRNA，VIP mRNA含量不到1%。外周轴突切断术后14天，在同侧结状神经节中观察到GAL mRNA阳性（占计数神经元轮廓的78%）、NOS mRNA阳性（37%）和VIP mRNA阳性（46%）的神经元轮廓数量显著增加。NPY阳性（23%）神经元数量适度增加，主要在小神经元轮廓中。无论是在正常结状神经节还是轴突切断术同侧的结状神经节中，均未发现NPY受体mRNA阳性神经元。在对侧结状神经节中，GAL和NPY阳性神经元轮廓数量略有增加，VIP细胞数量适度增加。免疫组织化学分析显示，三叉神经节和结状神经节中肽和NOS的表达发生了平行变化，表明mRNA水平的变化转化为了蛋白质。最后，尽管未进行定量分析，但在神经损伤42天后，在不允许再生的情况下，两个神经节中肽和NOS mRNA水平均出现了类似的上调，表明这些变化是持久的。目前的结果表明，轴突切断术对三叉神经节和结状神经节中肽和NOS表达的影响与先前在腰背部背根神经节中观察到的相似。然而，在迷走神经系统中未检测到NPY Y1受体的mRNA。一般来说，这些不同感觉系统（背根、三叉神经节和结状神经节）中，响应轴突切断术的信使调节机制和目的可能相似。
