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分离性身份障碍中的终生轴I和轴II共病及童年创伤史

Lifetime axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma history in dissociative identity disorder.

作者信息

Ellason J W, Ross C A, Fuchs D L

机构信息

Dissociative Disorders Unit, Charter Health System of Dallas, Plano, TX, USA.

出版信息

Psychiatry. 1996 Fall;59(3):255-66. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1996.11024766.

DOI:10.1080/00332747.1996.11024766
PMID:8912944
Abstract

According to DSM-IV, dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the existence within the person of two or more distinctly different identities or personality states that from time to time take executive control of the person's body and behavior, with accompanying amnesia (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). By retrospective patient report, dissociative identity disorder usually occurs in conjunction with severe childhood trauma (Kluft 1985; Putnam et al. 1986; Ross 1989; Ross et al. 1989a, 1990a). The disorder appears to be the most severe form of disturbance on the dissociative disorders continuum (Boon and Draijer 1993; Coons 1992; Ross 1985; Ross et al. 1992). There is evidence that dissociative identity disorder may be more prevalent than once believed in the general population (Ross 1991) and among general adult psychiatric inpatients (Latz et al. 1995; Ross et al. 1991; Saxe et al. 1993).

摘要

根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版》(DSM-IV),分离性身份障碍的特征是个体存在两种或更多截然不同的身份或人格状态,这些身份或人格状态会不时地对个体的身体和行为实施控制,并伴有失忆症状(美国精神病学协会,1994年)。通过患者的回顾性报告可知,分离性身份障碍通常与童年时期的严重创伤同时出现(克洛夫特,1985年;普特南等人,1986年;罗斯,1989年;罗斯等人,1989a,1990a)。该障碍似乎是分离性障碍连续谱中最严重的一种形式(布恩和德赖耶,1993年;库恩斯,1992年;罗斯,1985年;罗斯等人,1992年)。有证据表明,分离性身份障碍在普通人群中的患病率可能比人们曾经认为的更高(罗斯,1991年),在普通成年精神科住院患者中也是如此(拉茨等人,1995年;罗斯等人,1991年;萨克斯等人,1993年)。

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