Davis D, Gutierrez F A
Childs Brain. 1977;3(4):219-29. doi: 10.1159/000119671.
The embryologic origins of congenital abnormalities of the odontoid process are reviewed. Four cases of odontoid dysgenesis in childhood are presented. All of our cases were associated with a head injury, which subsequently led to the diagnosis. Pain was the most common presenting complaint in our patients. Decreased cervical mobility was the most consistent physcial finding. There was no major neurological defect implicating spinal cord compression in any of our patients. This is not true of adults with congenital abnormalities of the odontoid, particularly those with atlantoaxial instability. The diagnosis of odontoid dysgenesis is a radiographic one. Flexion-extension films, tomograms and cineradiograms are often required to make the diagnosis. C1-C2 subluxation, either anterior or posterior is often found. Prompt posterior cervical fusion is recommended as the treatment of choice.
本文综述了齿突先天性异常的胚胎学起源。文中介绍了4例儿童齿突发育不全的病例。我们所有的病例都与头部损伤有关，随后才得以确诊。疼痛是我们患者最常见的主诉。颈椎活动度降低是最一致的体格检查发现。我们所有患者均未出现提示脊髓受压的严重神经功能缺损。而对于患有齿突先天性异常的成年人，尤其是那些伴有寰枢椎不稳的患者，情况并非如此。齿突发育不全的诊断依靠影像学检查。通常需要拍摄屈伸位片、断层扫描和动态X线片来做出诊断。常发现C1-C2半脱位，可向前或向后。建议立即进行后路颈椎融合术作为首选治疗方法。
