Konrad C J, Fieber T S, Schuepfer G K, Gerber H R
Institute of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland.
J Trauma. 1996 Nov;41(5):854-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199611000-00016.
Information on the influence of the mass of the helmet on the pattern of head injuries suffered by motorcyclists involved in collisions is scarce. This study was undertaken to verify a possible connection between the weight of the helmet worn and the occurrence of a ring fracture of the base of the skull surrounding the foramen magnum.
One hundred twenty-two fatally injured motorcyclists were studied retrospectively. In all cases, an autopsy had been performed. Data, including the autopsy report, were obtained from official police files. All helmets were studied in a technical laboratory. Statistical tests were performed using ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, and the chi 2 test. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.
The overall incidence of this type of injury was 9.2%. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of complete or partial circular fractures of the base of the skull and the weight of the involved helmet. There was a significant increase (p = 0.012) in the incidence of this type of fracture when the helmet weighed more than 1,500 grams. An increase in the dynamic active mass caused by the combination of head and helmet leads to a supramaximal stress load during a collision, resulting in such injuries.
In accidents with axial load shift, helmets weighing more than 1,500 grams increase the risk of a basal skull fracture. Therefore high-weight helmets should be avoided.
关于头盔重量对卷入碰撞事故的摩托车手头部受伤模式的影响的信息匮乏。本研究旨在验证所佩戴头盔的重量与围绕枕骨大孔的颅底环形骨折的发生之间是否存在可能的联系。
对122名因事故致死的摩托车手进行回顾性研究。所有病例均已进行尸检。数据，包括尸检报告，均从警方官方档案中获取。所有头盔均在技术实验室进行研究。使用方差分析、费舍尔精确检验、学生t检验和卡方检验进行统计分析。p < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
此类损伤的总体发生率为9.2%。颅底完全或部分环形骨折的发生率与所涉头盔的重量之间存在正相关。当头盔重量超过1500克时，此类骨折的发生率显著增加（p = 0.012）。头部和头盔组合导致的动态有效质量增加会在碰撞过程中产生超最大应力负荷，从而导致此类损伤。
在发生轴向负荷转移的事故中，重量超过1500克的头盔会增加颅底骨折的风险。因此，应避免使用重质头盔。
