Slingluff C L
Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Semin Surg Oncol. 1996 Nov-Dec;12(6):446-53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2388(199611/12)12:6<446::AID-SSU10>3.0.CO;2-T.
Tumor antigens recognized by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been identified for multiple types of solid tumors. These include both shared and unique antigens. Unique antigens are those expressed uniquely by one patient's tumor, and shared antigens are those present on tumor cells from many different patients. Many of the shared antigens are derived from tissue-specific differentiation antigens, oncogenes, or a set of antigens expressed only in tumors or in testis. In addition to advances in understanding tumor antigens that stimulate CTL and T-helper cell responses, there have been advances in understanding immunity in general, including the characterization of cytokines, the recognition of the dendritic cell as an optimal antigen-presenting cell (APC), and the characterization of costimulatory molecules as critical components of antigen presentation. Together, these developments have breathed new life into tumor immunology, and they promise to lead to a new generation of peptide- and cell-based tumor vaccines.
人类细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）识别的肿瘤抗原已在多种实体瘤中得到鉴定。这些抗原包括共享抗原和独特抗原。独特抗原是指仅由一名患者的肿瘤独特表达的抗原，而共享抗原是指存在于许多不同患者肿瘤细胞上的抗原。许多共享抗原源自组织特异性分化抗原、癌基因，或一组仅在肿瘤或睾丸中表达的抗原。除了在理解刺激CTL和T辅助细胞反应的肿瘤抗原方面取得进展外，在整体免疫理解方面也有进展，包括细胞因子的特征描述、将树突状细胞识别为最佳抗原呈递细胞（APC），以及将共刺激分子描述为抗原呈递的关键组成部分。这些进展共同为肿瘤免疫学注入了新的活力，并有望带来新一代基于肽和细胞的肿瘤疫苗。
