Hepatitis C in dialysis patients.

Patients on hemodialysis have a higher prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection compared with the general population. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients, including number of blood transfusions, duration of hemodialysis, previous transplantation, intravenous drug abuse, male gender, and in-center hemodialysis. In addition, there is mounting evidence to suggest nosocomial transmission within hemodialysis units. Although the precise modes of transmission have not been identified, breakdown in standard infection control practices, physical proximity to an infected patient, and sharing of dialysis machines are possible causes. Nonetheless, at the present time, the Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend dedicated machines, patient isolation, or a ban on re-use in hemodialysis patients with HCV infection. Consequently, strict adherence to universal precautions and careful attention to hygiene are recommended to reduce the transmission of HCV in dialysis units.