Lorenz J G, Smith D G
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Nov;101(3):307-23. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199611)101:3<307::AID-AJPA1>3.0.CO;2-W.
The mtDNA of most Native Americans has been shown to cluster into four lineages, or haplogroups. This study provides data on the haplogroup affiliation of nearly 500 Native North Americans including members of many tribal groups not previously studied. Phenetic cluster analysis shows a fundamental difference among 1) Eskimos and northern Na-Dene groups, which are almost exclusively mtDNA haplogroup A, 2) tribes of the Southwest and adjacent regions, predominantly Hokan and Uto-Aztecan speakers, which lack haplogroup A but exhibit high frequencies of haplogroup B, 3) tribes of the Southwest and Mexico lacking only haplogroup D, and 4) a geographically heterogeneous group of tribes which exhibit varying frequencies of all four haplogroups. There is some correspondence between language group affiliations and the frequencies of the mtDNA haplogroups in certain tribes, while geographic proximity appears responsible for the genetic similarity among other tribes. Other instances of similarity among tribes suggest hypotheses for testing with more detailed studies. This study also provides a context for understanding the relationships between ancient and modern populations of Native Americans.
大多数美洲原住民的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）已被证明可聚类为四个谱系，即单倍群。本研究提供了近500名北美原住民单倍群归属的数据，其中包括许多此前未被研究过的部落群体成员。表型聚类分析显示出以下几类群体之间存在根本差异：1）爱斯基摩人和北部纳-德内语族群体，他们几乎全部属于mtDNA单倍群A；2）西南部及相邻地区的部落，主要是讲霍坎语和犹他-阿兹特克语的群体，他们缺乏单倍群A，但单倍群B的频率较高；3）仅缺乏单倍群D的西南部和墨西哥的部落；4）一个地理分布不均一的部落群体，他们四个单倍群的频率各不相同。在某些部落中，语族归属与mtDNA单倍群的频率之间存在一定的对应关系，而地理上的邻近似乎是其他部落之间遗传相似性的原因。部落之间其他相似的情况为更详细的研究提供了有待检验的假设。本研究还为理解美洲原住民古代和现代群体之间的关系提供了背景。
