Samollow P B, Cherry L M, Witte S M, Rogers J
Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Nov;101(3):333-43. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199611)101:3<333::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-#.
Within- and between-species variation in restriction endonuclease recognition sites was examined at the Y-linked RPS4Y locus of six hominoid species: human (Homo sapiens), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and gibbon (Hylobates lar). RPS4Y is an expressed gene that maps to the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome. An approximately 1,490 base pair fragment of the RPS4Y gene, including all of intron 3, was amplified by PCR from DNA extracted from each of the six species. Forty-seven restriction sites were identified on the six-species composite map derived from double-digest restriction analyses of the amplified fragment. As expected, maximum parsimony analysis indicated that chimpanzee and bonobo are the two most closely related living hominoids. The same analysis suggested that the closest living relative of Homo is Gorilla, not Pan, although support for this relationship was relatively weak. These results disagree with recently published phylogenies based on analyses of mtDNA sequences (Horai et al. [1995] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:7401-7404) and the Y-linked ZFY locus (Dorit et al. [1995] Science 268:1183-1185). A combined data set derived from three distinct Y-linked loci-RPS4Y, SRY, and ZFY-was also analyzed. The maximum parsimony topology for the combined data provided only weak support for a shared common ancestor for Homo and Pan subsequent to divergence from the Gorilla lineage. Taken together, the data from the Y chromosome do not provide unequivocal support for any single, dichotomously branching species tree linking Homo, Pan, and Gorilla.
在六种类人猿物种（人类（智人）、大猩猩（大猩猩属大猩猩）、黑猩猩（黑猩猩属黑猩猩）、倭黑猩猩（倭黑猩猩属倭黑猩猩）、猩猩（红毛猩猩属 pygmaeus）和长臂猿（长臂猿属白掌长臂猿））的 Y 连锁 RPS4Y 基因座上，研究了限制内切酶识别位点的种内和种间变异。RPS4Y 是一个表达基因，定位于 Y 染色体的非重组区域。通过 PCR 从这六个物种提取的 DNA 中扩增出 RPS4Y 基因的一个约 1490 个碱基对的片段，包括所有内含子 3。通过对扩增片段的双酶切限制分析，在六种物种的复合图谱上鉴定出 47 个限制位点。正如预期的那样，最大简约分析表明黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩是现存关系最密切的两种类人猿。同样的分析表明，智人现存的最近亲属是大猩猩，而不是黑猩猩属，尽管对这种关系的支持相对较弱。这些结果与最近基于线粒体 DNA 序列分析（Horai 等人，[1995]美国国家科学院院刊 88:7401 - 7404）和 Y 连锁 ZFY 基因座分析（Dorit 等人，[1995]科学 268:1183 - 1185）发表的系统发育树不一致。还分析了来自三个不同 Y 连锁基因座（RPS4Y、SRY 和 ZFY）的组合数据集。组合数据的最大简约拓扑结构仅为智人和黑猩猩属在与大猩猩谱系分歧后拥有共同祖先提供了微弱支持。综上所述，来自 Y 染色体的数据并未明确支持任何将智人、黑猩猩属和大猩猩联系起来的单一、二叉分支物种树。
