Gimble J M, Robinson C E, Wu X, Kelly K A
Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
Bone. 1996 Nov;19(5):421-8. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00258-x.
The adipocyte is the most abundant stromal cell phenotype in adult human bone marrow. Four hypotheses may explain their function. First, adipocytes may serve a passive role, simply occupying excess space in the bone marrow cavity. Second, they may play an active role in systemic lipid metabolism. Third, adipocytes may provide a localized energy reservoir in the bone marrow. Or fourth, marrow adipocytes may contribute directly to the promotion of hematopoiesis and influence osteogenesis. This article reviews recent findings concerning bone marrow adipocyte morphology and physiology, the transcriptional and cytokine mechanisms regulating their differentiation, and the interrelationships existing between bone marrow adipocytes, hematopoiesis, and osteogenesis. Overall, these data lend support to a "plastic" model of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation; adipocytes may share common functions with stromal stem cells, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic supportive cells.
脂肪细胞是成人骨髓中最丰富的基质细胞表型。有四种假说可以解释它们的功能。第一，脂肪细胞可能起被动作用，只是占据骨髓腔内多余的空间。第二，它们可能在全身脂质代谢中发挥积极作用。第三，脂肪细胞可能在骨髓中提供局部能量储存库。或者第四，骨髓脂肪细胞可能直接促进造血并影响骨生成。本文综述了有关骨髓脂肪细胞形态学和生理学、调节其分化的转录和细胞因子机制，以及骨髓脂肪细胞、造血和骨生成之间存在的相互关系的最新研究结果。总体而言，这些数据支持骨髓基质细胞分化的“可塑性”模型；脂肪细胞可能与基质干细胞、成骨细胞和造血支持细胞具有共同的功能。
