Silberg J, Rutter M, Meyer J, Maes H, Hewitt J, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Loeber R, Eaves L
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0003, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;37(7):803-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01476.x.
Structural equation models were applied to the maternal ratings of 265 MZ and 163 DZ male-male, 347 MZ and 160 DZ female-female, and 262 male-female twin pairs, aged 8-16 years, who participated in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD). Substantial additive genetic influences and contrast effects were found for hyperactivity, and additive genetic and shared environmental effects or positive comparison effects (particularly for the girls) for oppositional/ conduct disturbance. Bivariate model fitting showed that the covariation between hyperactivity and oppositional/conduct problems in both younger and older boys and girls is almost entirely attributable to genetic factors. However, whereas in the younger males and females the same set of genes explain all the variation in hyperactivity and conduct disturbance, in the older cohort at least some of the genetic effects are behavior- and gender-specific.
结构方程模型应用于参与弗吉尼亚青少年行为发展双生子研究（VTSABD）的265对同卵（MZ）和163对异卵（DZ）男性双胞胎、347对MZ和160对DZ女性双胞胎以及262对异性双胞胎的母亲评分，这些双胞胎年龄在8至16岁之间。研究发现，多动存在显著的加性遗传影响和对比效应，对立/品行障碍存在加性遗传和共享环境效应或正向比较效应（特别是对女孩而言）。双变量模型拟合表明，无论年龄大小，男孩和女孩的多动与对立/品行问题之间的协变几乎完全归因于遗传因素。然而，在较年轻的男性和女性中，同一组基因解释了多动和品行障碍的所有变异，而在年龄较大的队列中，至少部分遗传效应是行为和性别特异性的。
