Changes in percentages of adenohypophysial gonadotrophs associated with the sex-specific, selective increase in serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in the juvenile female hamster.

In normal hamsters, we investigated whether the sex-specific, selective increase in serum FSH concentration in the juvenile female was associated with sex-specific changes in the percentages of adenohypophysial gonadotrophs. Serum LH concentrations did not rise between Day 4 and Day 19 in either sex and did not differ significantly between the sexes on Days 4, 7, 12, 14, and 19 after birth. Serum FSH concentrations were about 2-fold higher on Days 7, 12, and 14 than on Days 4 or 19 in males. In females, serum FSH rose markedly between Days 4 and 7, declined slightly by Day 12, rose to peak levels by Day 14, and declined slightly by Day 19 to levels not different from those seen on Day 7. Body weights rose between Days 4 and 19 and were similar in both sexes. There were no sex differences in pituitary gland weights, which rose between Days 4 and 12 and did not increase significantly further by Day 19. On Day 0, the percentages of immunoreactive LH and FSH cells were about 6 and 1%, respectively, in both sexes. These percentages increased progressively between Days 0 and 7 and between Days 7 and 14. On Day 7, but not on Day 14, the percentages of LH and FSH cells were greater in females than in males. There were more LH than FSH cells in males on Days 0, 7 and 14, and in females on Day 0 but not on Day 7 or 14. Matching of 10 FSH cells per gland with LH cells in serial sections of each of 30 glands showed FSH immunoreactivity to occur only in cells staining for LH. In hypophysectomized-gonadectomized adult hamster hosts with allografts of neonatal pituitary glands beneath the renal capsule, we investigated whether these sex-specific changes in the percentage of cells might be predetermined by the time of birth or dependent on sex differences in the internal environment existing in the postnatal hamster. Groups consisted of male donors-male hosts, male donors-female hosts, female donors-female hosts, and female donors-male hosts. The percentages of LH cells in allografts in all four groups increased from Days 0 to 7 and from Days 7 to 14. Percentages of LH cells on Day 14 in all four groups were not different from those in age-matched male or female adenohypophyses in situ. In contrast, the mean percentages of FSH cells were low (about 1-3%) on Days 0, 7, and 14 in all four groups. In other males hosts, administration of a low dose of LHRH for 7 days did not alter the percentage of LH cells in male allografts but increased the percentage of FSH cells to approach that observed in age-matched male adenohypophyses in situ. Administration of a larger dose of LHRH for 7 days to other male hosts with male allografts increased the percentages of LH and FSH cells to percentages not different from those in age-matched female adenohypophyses in situ. Matching of 10 FSH cells/allograft with LH cells in serial sections of each of 58 allografts showed FSH immunoreactivity to occur only in cells staining for LH. The results of experiments conducted on normal hamsters demonstrate that more marked increases in the percentages of adenohypophysial LH cells and FSH cells occur in females than in males in association with the onset of the selective increase in serum FSH levels in females. The results of experiments employing allografts suggest that the greater increase in LH and FSH cells in females is due to sex differences in the internal environment existing in the postnatal hamster, which can be accounted for by differences in LHRH secretion, rather than to inherent differences between female and male adenohypophyses at the time of birth. We conclude that the greater increases in gonadotrophs observed in female hamster pups on Day 7 after birth and the accompanying sex-specific, selective elevation in serum FSH concentration are probably due to sex differences in LHRH secretion during the juvenile period.