Hunter D L
Idaho Department of Agriculture, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Health Laboratory, Caldwell, 83605, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Mar;15(1):171-81. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.1.911.
Cervids were one of the earliest sources of food for humans. Evidence exists of some degree of human management of cervids in Norway over 50,000 years ago. Cervids are popular wild animals for viewing in National Parks and Wildlife Reserves; they have also become popular as an alternative livestock species, and are being farmed and ranched commercially. Confinement of animals and the resultant increase in population density have increased the likelihood of infectious and parasitic diseases. Cervids are susceptible to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium spp. (M. bovis, M. Tuberculosis, M. avium). Tuberculosis has affected the cervid industry, causing concern among wildlife managers and regulatory agencies in countries where attempts are being made to eradicate tuberculosis. The author discusses the epizootiology of tuberculosis in the various existing management situations. Husbandry practices which either favour or inhibit the potential occurrence of tuberculosis are described.
鹿类是人类最早的食物来源之一。有证据表明，5万多年前挪威就对鹿类进行了一定程度的人类管理。鹿类是国家公园和野生动物保护区中受欢迎的观赏野生动物；它们也作为一种替代家畜品种而受到欢迎，并正在进行商业化养殖和放牧。动物的圈养以及由此导致的种群密度增加，增加了传染病和寄生虫病的发生可能性。鹿类易感染分枝杆菌属（牛分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌）引起的结核病。结核病已经影响到鹿类产业，在那些试图根除结核病的国家，引起了野生动物管理者和监管机构的关注。作者讨论了在各种现有管理情况下结核病的动物流行病学。描述了有利于或抑制结核病潜在发生的饲养管理方法。
