Fauran P
Le Chantilly, Nice.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):123-6; discussion 127.
Prediction and prevention of dengue epidemics are based on informations gathered about the mosquito vector species, the dengue types transmitted, the vertebrate hosts and their environment. Although Aedes aegypti is the most important vector, other Aedes may also propagate the dengue viruses. The populations of vector mosquitoes are evaluated through several indices: Breteau and/or positive house index, number of indoor resting Aedes females, etc.... The four dengue types can replicate in vertebrate hosts beside humans and in other mosquito species than Ae. aegypti. The incidence of dengue on a population is largely variable according to the immunity status, the vector competence and the virus strains. Concomitant infections by two types of dengue virus or by an another pathogen (Alphavirus) have been observed. The environmental factors influencing the dengue ecosystem are mostly climatic (temperature, rainfall, wind) but also anthropic (transportation means, public buildings). Prevention of dengue epidemics must be based on public health education in schools, community participation, epidemiological surveillance linked with good vector control teams. Nevertheless intensive research on dengue and the actions undertaken for the last forty years, dengue remains the first cause of viral morbidity worldwide.
登革热疫情的预测和预防基于收集到的有关蚊媒种类、传播的登革热类型、脊椎动物宿主及其环境的信息。尽管埃及伊蚊是最重要的传播媒介，但其他伊蚊也可能传播登革热病毒。通过几个指标来评估媒介蚊虫的数量：布雷图指数和/或房屋阳性指数、室内栖息的伊蚊雌蚊数量等。四种登革热类型除了能在人类等脊椎动物宿主中复制外，还能在除埃及伊蚊之外的其他蚊种中复制。登革热在人群中的发病率因免疫状态、媒介能力和病毒株的不同而有很大差异。已观察到两种登革热病毒或另一种病原体（甲病毒）的合并感染。影响登革热生态系统的环境因素主要是气候因素（温度、降雨、风），但也有人为因素（交通方式、公共建筑）。登革热疫情的预防必须基于学校的公共健康教育、社区参与以及与优秀病媒控制团队相关联的流行病学监测。尽管在过去四十年里对登革热进行了深入研究并采取了相关行动，但登革热仍是全球病毒性发病的首要原因。
