Michalska W, Chylak J, Pietkiewicz K
Zakład Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej AM w Poznaniu.
Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 1996;48(1-2):61-70.
The aim of the study to determine the resistance to certain antibacterial drugs of the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora isolated from patients operated on for acute abdominal infections. The resistance was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Among the isolated aerobes Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp. Staphylococcus spp were most frequent, and in the group of anaerobes the most frequent were Bacteroides spp, Peptostreptococcus spp and Peptococcus spp. The sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and cefoperazone was tested in 492 aerobic strains, and the sensitivity of cefuroxime was tested in 387 strains. In the group of anaerobes the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone was tested in 239 strains, and in 187 and 176 strains the sensitivity to cefuroxime and metronidazole respectively was tested. Only 94 aerobic strains and 32 anaerobic strains were additionally tested for augmentin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem, clindamycin and doxycycline. Imipenem was found to be the most active drug against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Clindamycin showed a very high activity against anaerobes but was significantly less active against aerobes. Only a small proportion of the tested aerobic strain (11.2%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while most anaerobic strains (66.5) were resistant to this antibiotic. Metronidazole was active against about 100% of anaerobes. Augmentin had a high activity against gram-positive cocci and was less active against gram-negative rods and anaerobes. A high proportion of aerobic and anaerobic strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and doxycycline. Gentamicin showed a sufficient activity against the tested aerobic strains (33.9% were resistant).
本研究旨在确定从接受急性腹部感染手术的患者中分离出的需氧和厌氧菌群对某些抗菌药物的耐药性。采用纸片扩散法进行耐药性研究。在分离出的需氧菌中，肠杆菌科、肠球菌属、假单胞菌属、葡萄球菌属最为常见；在厌氧菌中，拟杆菌属、消化链球菌属和消化球菌属最为常见。对492株需氧菌进行了环丙沙星、庆大霉素和头孢哌酮敏感性测试，对387株菌进行了头孢呋辛敏感性测试。在厌氧菌中，对239株菌进行了环丙沙星和头孢哌酮敏感性测试，分别对187株和176株菌进行了头孢呋辛和甲硝唑敏感性测试。仅对94株需氧菌和32株厌氧菌额外进行了阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、克林霉素和多西环素的测试。发现亚胺培南是对需氧菌和厌氧菌最有效的药物。克林霉素对厌氧菌显示出很高的活性，但对需氧菌的活性明显较低。仅一小部分受试需氧菌（11.2%）对环丙沙星耐药，而大多数厌氧菌（66.5%）对该抗生素耐药。甲硝唑对约100%的厌氧菌有活性。阿莫西林/克拉维酸对革兰氏阳性球菌活性高，对革兰氏阴性杆菌和厌氧菌活性较低。高比例的需氧菌和厌氧菌对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛和多西环素耐药。庆大霉素对受试需氧菌显示出足够的活性（33.9%耐药）。
