Conners C K, Levin E D, Sparrow E, Hinton S C, Erhardt D, Meck W H, Rose J E, March J
Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durtham NC, USA.
Psychopharmacol Bull. 1996;32(1):67-73.
Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much more frequently than normal individuals or those with other psychiatric conditions, perhaps as a form of self-medication for ADHD symptoms. Nicotine might therefore have some value as a treatment for ADHD. The present study is an acute double-blind crossover administration of nicotine and placebo with smokers (n = 6) and nonsmokers (n = 11) diagnosed with adult ADHD. The drug was delivered via a transdermal patch at a dosage of 7 mg/day for nonsmokers and 21 mg/day for smokers. Results indicate significant clinician-rated global improvement, self-rated vigor and concentration, and improved performance on chronometric measures of attention and timing accuracy. Side effects were minimal. These acute results indicate the need for a longer clinical trial and a comparison with other stimulants in adult ADHD treatment.
尼古丁与精神兴奋剂哌甲酯和右旋苯丙胺一样，作为一种间接多巴胺激动剂，可改善注意力和唤醒水平。患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人和青少年吸烟频率远高于正常个体或患有其他精神疾病的人，这可能是一种针对ADHD症状的自我治疗方式。因此，尼古丁可能对治疗ADHD具有一定价值。本研究是对诊断为成人ADHD的吸烟者（n = 6）和非吸烟者（n = 11）进行尼古丁和安慰剂的急性双盲交叉给药。药物通过透皮贴剂给药，非吸烟者剂量为7毫克/天，吸烟者剂量为21毫克/天。结果显示临床医生评定的总体改善显著、自我评定的活力和注意力提高，以及在注意力和计时准确性的计时测量中表现改善。副作用极小。这些急性结果表明需要进行更长时间的临床试验，并与成人ADHD治疗中的其他兴奋剂进行比较。
