Winkler L A
Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Titusville, Pennsylvania 16354, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Jan;99(1):191-203. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<191::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-I.
This study examines the appearance of the secondary ossification centers in the lower arms, wrists, lower legs, and ankles of a cross-sectional sample of 20 infant orangutans and chimpanzees (15 of known age). The number of tarsal and carpal centers is analyzed relative to the degree of M1 development and the weight of individual animals. Variation in the appearance of these ossification centers is discussed relative to these variables and others. In addition, a sequence of appearance is established for the carpal and tarsal ossification centers in the orangutan and data is presented on the status of these centers in a fetal and newborn gorilla. Study results indicate that 1) there is variation in the number of secondary epiphyses present in animals of similar ages; 2) tarsal ossification is completed prior to carpal ossification in the orangutan; 3) there are indications of a relationship between weight and the number of ossification centers present in animals of similar age; and 4) there appears to be no evidence of specific relationships between carpal and tarsal development and M1 development.
本研究调查了20只幼年猩猩和黑猩猩（其中15只年龄已知）的横断面样本的前臂、手腕、小腿和脚踝中次级骨化中心的出现情况。分析了跗骨和腕骨中心的数量与M1发育程度以及个体动物体重的关系。讨论了这些骨化中心出现情况相对于这些变量及其他变量的差异。此外，确定了猩猩腕骨和跗骨骨化中心的出现顺序，并给出了胎儿和新生大猩猩这些中心的状态数据。研究结果表明：1）年龄相似的动物中存在的次级骨骺数量存在差异；2）猩猩的跗骨骨化先于腕骨骨化完成；3）有迹象表明体重与年龄相似的动物中存在的骨化中心数量之间存在关联；4）似乎没有证据表明腕骨和跗骨发育与M1发育之间存在特定关系。
