Malinda K M, Kleinman H K
Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethseda, MD 20892, USA.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1996 Sep;28(9):957-9. doi: 10.1016/1357-2725(96)00042-8.
The laminins are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins localized in the basement membrane that separates epithelial cells from the underlying stroma. They are also found in basement membrane surrounding fat, muscle and peripheral nerve cells. The laminins are large trimeric glycoproteins comprising three disulphide-bonded chains. They are the first extracellular matrix molecules to be observed in the developing embryo and have potent biological activities. In addition, there have been new developments in the number and localization of the homologues of the laminin chains and the role of laminin in neuromuscular disease. Their primary role is in cell-matrix attachment, but many additional biological activities, including promoting cell growth and migration, tumour growth and metastases, neurite outgrowth, nerve regeneration, wound repair and graft survival, have been demonstrated. Many of these biological activities are duplicated by proteolytic fragments of laminin and by small laminin-derived synthetic peptides. These laminin-derived peptides may be useful clinical reagents for accelerating wound healing with minimal scarring or for blocking tumour metastases.
层粘连蛋白是一类细胞外基质糖蛋白，定位于将上皮细胞与下方基质分隔开的基底膜中。它们也存在于围绕脂肪、肌肉和周围神经细胞的基底膜中。层粘连蛋白是由三条通过二硫键结合的链组成的大型三聚体糖蛋白。它们是在发育中的胚胎中最早观察到的细胞外基质分子，具有强大的生物学活性。此外，层粘连蛋白链的同源物的数量和定位以及层粘连蛋白在神经肌肉疾病中的作用也有了新的进展。它们的主要作用是细胞与基质的附着，但还表现出许多其他生物学活性，包括促进细胞生长和迁移、肿瘤生长和转移、神经突生长、神经再生、伤口修复和移植物存活。层粘连蛋白的许多这些生物学活性可由层粘连蛋白的蛋白水解片段和小的层粘连蛋白衍生合成肽复制。这些层粘连蛋白衍生肽可能是用于加速伤口愈合且瘢痕最小或用于阻断肿瘤转移的有用临床试剂。
