Martelli A M, Cocco L, Riederer B M, Neri L M
Department of Human Morphology, Università di Trieste, Italy.
Histol Histopathol. 1996 Oct;11(4):1035-48.
It is becoming increasingly clear that the cell nucleus is a highly structurized organelle. Because of its tight compartmentalization, it is generally believed that a framework must exist, responsible for maintaining such a spatial organization. Over the last twenty years many investigations have been devoted to identifying the nuclear framework. Structures isolated by different techniques have been obtained in vitro and are variously referred to as nuclear matrix, nucleoskeleton or nuclear scaffold. Many different functions, such as DNA replication and repair, mRNA transcription, processing and transport have been described to occur in close association with these structures. However, there is still much debate as to whether or not any of these preparations corresponds to a nuclear framework that exists in vivo. In this article we summarize the most commonly-used methods for obtaining preparations of nuclear frameworks and we also stress the possible artifacts that can be created in vitro during the isolation procedures. Emphasis is placed also on the protein composition of the frameworks as well as on some possible signalling functions that have been recently described to occur in tight association with the nuclear matrix.
越来越明显的是，细胞核是一种高度结构化的细胞器。由于其紧密的区室化，人们普遍认为必须存在一个负责维持这种空间组织的框架。在过去的二十年里，许多研究致力于确定核框架。通过不同技术分离得到的结构已在体外获得，它们被不同地称为核基质、核骨架或核支架。许多不同的功能，如DNA复制和修复、mRNA转录、加工和运输，已被描述为与这些结构密切相关。然而，关于这些制剂中是否有任何一种对应于体内存在的核框架，仍有很多争论。在本文中，我们总结了获得核框架制剂最常用的方法，同时也强调了在体外分离过程中可能产生的假象。重点还放在框架的蛋白质组成以及最近描述的与核基质紧密相关的一些可能的信号功能上。
