Bentall R P, Kaney S
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Liverpool.
Psychol Med. 1996 Nov;26(6):1231-7. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700035959.
Patients suffering from persecutory delusions exhibit information processing and social reasoning biases that have been hypothesized to have a self-protective function. In a test of this hypothesis, patients suffering from persecutory delusions who were also depressed and non-depressed deluded subjects were compared with depressed and normal controls on two indirect assessments of self-schemata: the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and incidental recall of negative and positive trait words that had previously been judged to be self-descriptive or not self-descriptive. Both the depressed subjects and the deluded subjects, whether or not they were depressed, scored highly on the DAS. Like normals, both depressed and non-depressed deluded subjects endorsed more positive than negative trait words as true of themselves whereas the depressed subjects endorsed as many negative as positive trait works. Like the depressed subjects, both groups of deluded subjects recalled as many of the negative words they had endorsed as positive words, whereas the normals remembered more positive words. No such bias was observed in subjects' recall of unendorsed words. The DAS results are interpreted as clearly consistent with a defensive model of persecutory delusions whereas the incidental recall data were equivocally so.
患有被害妄想症的患者表现出信息处理和社会推理偏差，这些偏差被假定具有自我保护功能。在对这一假设的一项测试中，将患有被害妄想症且伴有抑郁的患者、患有被害妄想症但未抑郁的患者与抑郁对照组和正常对照组，就自我图式的两项间接评估进行了比较：功能失调性态度量表（DAS）以及对先前被判定为自我描述性或非自我描述性的消极和积极特质词的偶发回忆。抑郁患者以及妄想患者，无论其是否抑郁，在DAS上的得分都很高。与正常人一样，抑郁和未抑郁的妄想患者都认可更多积极特质词而非消极特质词适用于自己，而抑郁患者认可的消极特质词与积极特质词数量相当。与抑郁患者一样，两组妄想患者回忆起的他们认可的消极词数量与积极词数量相同，而正常人记住的积极词更多。在受试者对未认可词的回忆中未观察到此类偏差。DAS结果被解释为与被害妄想症的防御模型明显一致，而偶发回忆数据则不太明确。
